Social Inequalities in Health Expectancy

Crimmins, Eileen M.; Cambois, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1002/0470858885.ch5

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As reported in the previous studies, we observed that educational inequalities are more focused on the ''quality'' of lifespan rather than the ''quantity'' with the differentials in active LE exceeding those in TLE (Crimmins and Cambois 2003;Crimmins et al 1996;Doblhammer and Kytir 1998;Guralnik et al 1993;Gutierrez-Fisac et al 2000;Valkonen et al 1997). In contrast to Guralnik who reported a longer lifespan with disability in the more educated subgroups associated with higher TLE (Guralnik et al 1993), the higher educated subjects in PA-QUID do not pay for their longer life by poorer health.…”

Section: Educational Differentialssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Several reports have stated that the extra years gained by women are spent with disability or in poorer health (Crimmins et al 1996;Robine et al 1999), but we are not clear whether the additional years gained by socially advantaged groups are spent in good or poor health. Most studies would suggest that the socially advantaged have longer total and healthy life expectancy and that inequalities are greater for healthy life than for total life expectancy (TLE) (Crimmins and Cambois 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disability-free life expectancy of older French people: gender and education differentials from the PAQUID cohort

et al. 2005

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In countries with low mortality rates, the quality of the years of life is more important to consider than total life expectancy (TLE). Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) is one of the most relevant indicators of health and the quality of life. This paper aims to estimate TLE and DFLE with four levels of severity of disability and to explore gender and educational differences in older French people. In this cohort study, four levels of disability severity were distinguished, disability being evaluated for mobility, instrumental and basic activities of daily living. For each level, TLE and DFLE were calculated using multi-state models from transition probabilities. From the population of two areas of South West France 3,777 subjects were randomly selected from the electoral rolls. At the baseline, they were aged 65 years and over, living in the community and were interviewed 6 times over the 10-year follow-up. At age 65, women lived longer than men (4.5 extra years), but shorter fully independent lives (-2.2 years). They also lived longer in each of the three degrees of disability (+4.2 years with moderate or severe disability). The higher educated lived longer (1.3 extra years at age 65), with the additional years free of disability. Regardless of age, gender and education, there appeared to be a 1-year incompressible time spent with severe disability. To conclude, these are the first health expectancies based on the longitudinal data for France. Whilst most of the studies were based on cross-sectional data, this paper gives a more realistic indicator of the health and socio-economic inequalities in France in the 1990 s.

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Section: Educational Differentialssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability-free life expectancy of older French people: gender and education differentials from the PAQUID cohort

et al. 2005

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“…A number of studies worldwide consistently show for the 1990s a double advantage for higher social groups in term of longer and healthier lives compared to lower socioeconomic groups (Crimmins and Cambois 2003). More recent studies confirm this finding (Majer et al 2010;Bronnum-Hansen et al 2004;Bronnum-Hansen and Baadsgaard 2008;Matthews, Jagger, and Hancock 2006;Matthews et al 2009;Minicuci and Noale 2005;Pérès et al 2005;Van Oyen et al 2005;Lievre, Alley, and Crimmins 2008;Bossuyt et al 2004).…”

Section: Health Expectancy Differentials: Context and New Insightmentioning

confidence: 92%

Occupational inequalities in health expectancies in France in the early 2000s: Unequal chances of reaching and living retirement in good health

Cambois¹,

Laborde²,

Romieu³

et al. 2011

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“…Numerous publications have applied those methods (Robine et al 2003b;Bongaarts 2006;Yoshinaga and Une 2005;Klenk et al 2007;Gómez-Redondo and Boe 2005;Crimmins and Cambois 2003;Bebbington and Bajekal 2003;Robine et al 1999;Bah 1998;Trovato and Lalu 1998;Kochanek et al 1994;Velkova et al 1997;Conti et al 1999;Das Gupta 1994;Bellini et al 1992;ISTAT 2003;Egidi et al 2004;Frova and Prati 1999). However, just two main methodological publications have discussed the decomposition of life expectancy into good health or DFLE (Nusselder and Looman 2004;Andreev et al 2002), while, to date, very few papers have reported the results of its application (Nusselder et al 2005;Van Oyen et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are gaps in disability free life expectancies diminishing in Italy?

2010

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This paper studies gender differences in disability free life expectancy (DFLE), taking into account mortality and disability contributions. After analysing the types of disability that account for such differences, it goes on to examine temporal variability and age contributions to mortality and disability variation. The method used is an extension of Arriaga's model proposed by Nusselder. In 2005, disability free life expectancy at age 30 was 46.23 years for men and 48.74 years for women, with a gender difference of 2.51 years. Decomposing this difference we find that the mortality effect is 3.70 years, while the disability effect is negative and equal to -1.19 years. Ten years earlier, in 1994, DFLE at age 30 was 43.24 years for men and 46.55 years for women, with a difference between genders of 3.32 years. This broke down to a mortality effect of 4.33 years and a disability effect of -1.02 years. In conclusion, the gap in DFLE between men and women is narrowing, thanks to the more rapid drop in mortality rates in men. With respect to disabilities women are disadvantaged, although the difference (in both total disability and different types of disability) has been almost stable in recent years.

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Social Inequalities in Health Expectancy

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Disability-free life expectancy of older French people: gender and education differentials from the PAQUID cohort

Disability-free life expectancy of older French people: gender and education differentials from the PAQUID cohort

Occupational inequalities in health expectancies in France in the early 2000s: Unequal chances of reaching and living retirement in good health

Are gaps in disability free life expectancies diminishing in Italy?

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