Social Implications of Hyperfunctional Facial Lines

Is beauty skin deep – an approach to a beautiful face

“…Plastic surgeons have long had the tools and techniques to provide patients with an attractive nose, chin and neckline [5]. The ideal female face is shaped as an inverted egg (Fig.…”

The impact of upper facial lines and psychological impact of crow's feet lines: content validation of the Facial Line Outcomes (FLO‐11) Questionnaire

“…These lines develop progressively as a result of repeated contraction of the underlying facial musculature, which, coupled with the loss of collagen and elastin fibers over time, leads to skin inelasticity and the formation of facial lines or wrinkles . There are three discrete upper facial lines (UFL) most noticed by patients and clinicians: lateral canthal lines in the periorbital region, transverse forehead lines, and glabellar lines . Typically, the periorbital region is the first facial area to show signs of aging in the form of lateral canthal lines (hereafter referred to as crow's feet lines [CFL]) .…”

“…Typically, the periorbital region is the first facial area to show signs of aging in the form of lateral canthal lines (hereafter referred to as crow's feet lines [CFL]) . With age, facial lines tend to become static and are visible even without facial muscle contraction (i.e., at rest) …”

“…The development of facial lines, particularly UFL, can be a factor in the perception of physical appearance and age. The presence of facial lines can sometimes cause the misinterpretation of facial expressions, so that affected patients appear to display negative emotions (e.g., anger, sadness, tiredness, or stress) without the actual emotional experience and, as such, facial lines in the upper face play a significant role in social perceptions and interactions . Facial lines also have the ability to affect psychological well‐being, raising appearance‐related concerns that can lead to body image disorders and low levels of self‐esteem and confidence .…”

Electromyography and Facial Paralysis

“…In addition the individual may become self-conscious when eating or drinking because of functional problems (Bradbury, Simons & Sanders, 2006). Symptoms can range from altered emotional well-being, decreased self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and alternative behaviors such as social isolation and addiction (Ross et al, 1991;VanSwearingen & Brach, 2003;Finn et al, 2003;Hadlock, 2008). In this sense, self-report scales are of extreme importance in order to enhance the assessment of facial neuromuscular dysfunction.…”