Social Impact of Leishmaniasis, Afghanistan

Reithinger, Richard; Aadil, Khoksar; Kolaczinski, Jan; Mohsen, Mohammad; Hami, Samad

doi:10.3201/eid1104.040945

Cited by 89 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…24 For example, in a study conducted in Afghanistan, 78% of respondents reported that they could not afford bed nets. 25 A concrete evidence for the impact of socioeconomic status on leishmaniasis is from the studies in India that investigated the prevalence of leishmaniasis among the different castes. The caste system is a very rigid hierarchical social structure that categorizes people into different groups based on economic status.…”

Section: Leishmaniasis and Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Economic Burden of Human Leishmaniasis

Okwor¹,

Uzonna²

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

242

163

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Abstract. Leishmaniasis continues to pose a major public health problem worldwide. With new epidemics occurring in endemic areas and the spread of the disease to previously free areas because of migration, tourism, and military activities, there is a great need for the development of an effective vaccine. Leishmaniasis is a disease of the poor, occurring mostly in remote rural villages with poor housing and little or no access to modern health-care facilities. In endemic areas, diagnosis of any form of leishmaniasis puts a huge financial strain on an already meagre financial resource at both the individual and community levels. Most often families need to sell their assets (land and livestock) or take loans from informal financial outfits with heavy interest rates to pay for the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis. Here, we discuss the disease with special emphasis on its socioeconomic impact on the affected individual and community. In addition, we highlight the reasons why continued research aimed at developing an effective Leishmania vaccine is necessary.

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Section: Leishmaniasis and Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Economic Burden of Human Leishmaniasis

Okwor¹,

Uzonna²

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

242

163

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“…There is a scarcity of comprehensive data about the epidemiology of this neglected disease in Afghanistan, although there has been recent important work by Reithinger et al (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). This follows earlier studies of disease foci by Eliseev and Kellina in 1962 (17) and on the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis throughout the country by Nadim et al in the 1970s (17)(18)(19)(20) (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Molecular detection of Leishmania spp.isolated from cutaneous lesions of patients referred to Herat regional hospital, Afghanistan

Sh¹,

Dalimi²

2015

East Mediterr Health J

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the main public health problems in Afghanistan, particularly in Herat. To identify Leishmania spp., molecular techniques were applied to samples from 64 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients referred to Herat regional hospital during 2013. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ribosomal RNA gene internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) was used. Most of the patients demonstrated dry type single lesions on the head. The results of direct microscopy detection using Giemsastained skin scrapings were compared with that of ITS PCR-RFLP for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Light microscopy examination showed 37/64 positive cases (58%

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“…On the other hand, ZCL is caused by Leishmania major with bites by Phlebotomus papatasi and occurs indigenously in rural northern Afghanistan [10]. However, in Afghanistan, public surveillance data are often reported without clear distinction between ZCL and ACL but rather primarily focused on ACL [4,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The burden of the disease is overwhelming and the psychological effect can be disturbing. In some societies, women infected with this disease are stigmatized and maybe deemed unsuitable for marriage and motherhood [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Correlated Time Series and Ecological Niche Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Afghanistan

Adegboye

2016

Preprint

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Leishmaniasis is the third most common vector-borne disease and a very important protozoan infection. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most common types of leishmaniasis infectious diseases with up to 1.2 million occurrences of new cases each year worldwide. A dynamic transmission multivariate time series model was applied to the data to account for overdispersion and evaluate the effects of three environmental layers as well as seasonality in the data. Furthermore, ecological niche modeling was used to study the geographically suitable conditions for cutaneous leishmaniasis using temperature, precipitation and altitude as environmental layers, together with the leishmaniasis presence data. . An upward trend and regularly repeating patterns of highs and lows were observed related to the months of the year which suggests seasonality effect in the data. Two peaks were observed in the disease occurrence-January to March and September to December-which coincide with the cold period. Ecological niche modelling indicates that precipitation has the greatest contribution to the potential distribution of leishmaniasis.

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Social Impact of Leishmaniasis, Afghanistan

Cited by 89 publications

References 5 publications

Social and Economic Burden of Human Leishmaniasis

Social and Economic Burden of Human Leishmaniasis

Molecular detection of Leishmania spp.isolated from cutaneous lesions of patients referred to Herat regional hospital, Afghanistan

Spatially Correlated Time Series and Ecological Niche Analysis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Afghanistan

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