Social Impact Assessment: A Contribution to the State of the Art Series

Livelihood strategy approach to community- based planning and assessment: a case study of Molas, Indonesia

“…Psychological reactions to development can be the most significant factor in determining how a community will adapt to development over the long term (Gramling and Freudenburg, 1992;Bourke, 1994;Couch and Kroll-Smith, 1994;Freudenburg and Frickel, 1994;Krannich and Albrecht, 1995;Rickson, et al, 1995;Burdge and Vanclay, 1996).…”

“…Past experiences, the current climate in the community, and future goals are fundamental elements influencing capacity to identify, define and respond to opportunities and threats from development or resource management initiatives (Couch and Kroll-Smith, 1994;Westley, 1995;Burdge and Vanclay, 1996). Livelihood, then, is a dynamic concept, which encompasses not only current activities but also historical experience and future aspirations.…”

“…A major criticism of development pla nning, and its associated processes such as impact assessment, and of many resource management initiatives has been that public involvement that gives affected groups power and a voice in decisions and recognizes the diversity within and among social groups at the local level, is typically very weak (Morse and Berger, 1992;Biswas and Agarwala, 1992;Artini, 1994;Smith and van der Wansem, 1995;Mitchell, 1997;Grenier, 1998). Examining livelihood strategies places a focus on the values and goals, choices, and activities which matter to local people, and provides one means for ensuring that local concerns are central to information gathering and analysis, thus contributing to better planning and decision making (Finsterbusch, 1995;Burdge and Vanclay, 1996). .…”

Social impact assessment in the Russian Federation: does it meet the key values of democracy and civil society?

“…Even though SIA began as a regulatory tool alongside environmental impact assessment (EIA) (Burdge and Vanclay 1996;Lockie 2001;Esteves et al 2012), the contemporary understanding of SIA is strongly connected with the concepts of civil society and democracy (Vanclay 2003;Vanclay et al 2015). However, the precise meaning of these two concepts remains subject to much debate.…”

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“…However, impact indicators focus on the outcome level, while outputs focus on the direct eff ects of project implementati on. As long as it is so diffi cult to measure the outcome level, because of insuffi cient experti se, ti me and costs, decision makers will focus on output level indicators and it will depend on their general knowledge which impacts are relevant for particular outputs (Burdge & Vanclay, 1996).…”