“…Important for longitudinal studies is research that employed food restriction as a motivation for spatial episodic/working memory (Ando and Ohashi, 1991;Chrobak et al, 1995;Dellu et al, 1997;Sabolek et al, 2004;Templer et al, 2019), vigilance (Muir et al, 1999;Lambourne et al, 2007;Bharmal et al, 2015;Yhnell et al, 2016), and set-shifting (Zhuo et al, 2007), which continue to find age-related cognitive decline. Furthermore, it is possible that once the animals acquire the task in their youth, reinstatement of behavior in middle-age animals will be facilitated, reducing the time of food restriction required to accomplish the testing.…”