Social Functioning and Facial Emotional Expression in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Brozgold, Alizah; Borod, Joan C.; Martin, Candace; Pick, Lawrence H.; Alpert, Murray; Welkowitz, Joan

doi:10.1207/s15324826an0501_2

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In support of the Affective Dysregulation hypothesis, with few exceptions [61], observational studies have found that depression is marked by reduced positive expressions, such as smiling and laughter [7, 13, 26, 38, 39, 47, 49, 62, 64, 66, 67, 75, 78, 80, 83]. Several studies also found that depression is marked by increased negative expressions [9, 26, 61, 74]. However, other studies found the opposite effect: that depression is marked by reduced negative expressions [38, 47, 62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal social withdrawal in depression: Evidence from manual and automatic analyses

Girard

Cohn

Mahoor

et al. 2014

Image and Vision Computing

197

122

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The relationship between nonverbal behavior and severity of depression was investigated by following depressed participants over the course of treatment and video recording a series of clinical interviews. Facial expressions and head pose were analyzed from video using manual and automatic systems. Both systems were highly consistent for FACS action units (AUs) and showed similar effects for change over time in depression severity. When symptom severity was high, participants made fewer affiliative facial expressions (AUs 12 and 15) and more non-affiliative facial expressions (AU 14). Participants also exhibited diminished head motion (i.e., amplitude and velocity) when symptom severity was high. These results are consistent with the Social Withdrawal hypothesis: that depressed individuals use nonverbal behavior to maintain or increase interpersonal distance. As individuals recover, they send more signals indicating a willingness to affiliate. The finding that automatic facial expression analysis was both consistent with manual coding and revealed the same pattern of findings suggests that automatic facial expression analysis may be ready to relieve the burden of manual coding in behavioral and clinical science.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal social withdrawal in depression: Evidence from manual and automatic analyses

Girard

Cohn

Mahoor

et al. 2014

Image and Vision Computing

197

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Studies also found differences in terms of other facial expressions, but these results were largely equivocal. For example, some studies found evidence of attenuation of facial expressions related to negative valence emotions [5, 25, 26, 38, 50], while others found evidence of their potentiation [6, 37, 44, 47]. Although a full literature review is beyond the scope of this paper, a summary of this work and its limitations is included to motivate our approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social risk and depression: Evidence from manual and automatic facial expression analysis

Girard

Cohn

Mahoor

et al. 2013

2013 10th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG)

127

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Investigated the relationship between change over time in severity of depression symptoms and facial expression. Depressed participants were followed over the course of treatment and video recorded during a series of clinical interviews. Facial expressions were analyzed from the video using both manual and automatic systems. Automatic and manual coding were highly consistent for FACS action units, and showed similar effects for change over time in depression severity. For both systems, when symptom severity was high, participants made more facial expressions associated with contempt, smiled less, and those smiles that occurred were more likely to be accompanied by facial actions associated with contempt. These results are consistent with the “social risk hypothesis” of depression. According to this hypothesis, when symptoms are severe, depressed participants withdraw from other people in order to protect themselves from anticipated rejection, scorn, and social exclusion. As their symptoms fade, participants send more signals indicating a willingness to affiliate. The finding that automatic facial expression analysis was both consistent with manual coding and produced the same pattern of depression effects suggests that automatic facial expression analysis may be ready for use in behavioral and clinical science.

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“…The expressive mask is associated with poor social functioning and is a barrier to maintaining close relationships in PD (Brod, Mendelsohn, & Roberts, 1998;Ellgring et al, 1993;Karlsen, Tandberg, Arsland, & Larsen, 2000). Decades of research have shown that rehabilitation and health care practitioners unintentionally form inaccurate and negatively biased impressions of the emotions and personality traits of people with PD and expressive masking, even though these practitioners should be aware of the physical limitations of expressive masking (Borod et al, 1990;Brozgold et al, 1998;Pentland, Pitcairn, Gray, & Riddle, 1987;Pentland, Gray, Riddle, & Pitcairn, 1988;Pitcairn, Clemie, Gray, & Pentland, 1990;Tickle-Degnen & Lyons, 2004). Since Marin's (1990) assertion that apathy occurs frequently in neurological conditions such as AD, Frontotemporal Dementia, and PD, there has been interest in defining and measuring apathy.…”

Section: Introduction To Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Is apathy a valid and meaningful symptom or syndrome in Parkinson's disease? A critical review.

Bogart¹

2011

Health Psychology

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Objective: To review the nearly 30 papers suggesting that apathy may occur frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD) and that it may be a symptom or syndrome that is separate from depression. Method: Literature review. Results: The review revealed three possible explanations for the high rates of apathy found in PD. First, there is much interest in an endogenous explanation of apathy because the basal ganglia and dopamine are implicated in both PD and apathy. Researchers have suggested links between apathy, dopamine depletion, and basal ganglia dysfunction in PD. Second, apathy in PD may be exogenous, resulting from disability and activity restriction. Third, apathy findings are inflated due to conceptual problems and methodological confounds. Indeed, apathy may be consistently confounded with symptoms of PD, including expressive masking, depression, disability, and cognitive decline. Conclusion: Because apathy has not yet been found to relate to meaningful patient outcomes, and it appears that other factors such as depression and cognition are more strongly related to quality of life than apathy, there is not enough evidence to conclude that apathy is a clinically meaningful syndrome in PD. The role of PD in motivation is of theoretical and practical interest and deserves further research.

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Social Functioning and Facial Emotional Expression in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

Nonverbal social withdrawal in depression: Evidence from manual and automatic analyses

Nonverbal social withdrawal in depression: Evidence from manual and automatic analyses

Social risk and depression: Evidence from manual and automatic facial expression analysis

Is apathy a valid and meaningful symptom or syndrome in Parkinson's disease? A critical review.

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