Social Franchising Model as a Scaling Strategy for ICT Reuse: A Case Study of an International Franchise

Zajko, Katja; Hojnik, Barbara Bradač

doi:10.3390/su10093144

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…They unite the educational benefits from learning-by-doing approaches with the advantages offered by the information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the educational domain [43]. Moreover, they have been adapted to science education as an effective tool for improving the learning quality and the teaching methodologies, enhancing the learning experiences, and increasing the learners' participation and motivation, in addition to expanding educational opportunities for more learners [44,45]. Also, online laboratories are a very useful tool to ensure educational continuity for laboratory activities in times of crisis when learners can no longer access the physical laboratory [46].…”

Section: The Potential Of Online Experimentation To Ensure Sustainabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Virtual Laboratory for Physics Subjects in Moroccan Universities

2021

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Laboratory experimentation has a vital role in science education. With the potential offered by information and communication technologies for the educational domain, virtual laboratories have emerged as a valuable alternative to face-to-face, hands-on laboratories. Moreover, the possibility of virtual laboratories opens new perspectives for higher education sustainability. They are a perfect approach for training learners to understand scientific principles in many fields of science by offering them the possibility to illustrate the scientific phenomena through automated and virtual practical activities that employ computer simulation. In this work, we present the use of computer simulation combined with the JavaScript programming language for the development of a low-cost virtual laboratory integrated into an interactive learning environment based on the Moodle platform. The methodology was based on the instructional design model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), which structures the development planning of online teaching resources in different stages (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The virtual laboratory was developed by Moroccan universities, with the help of European partners, and it was implemented in the 12 science faculties in Morocco. It presents a great choice for supporting laboratory activities for learners in the first year of their bachelor’s degree program. This virtual laboratory includes 12 virtual practical activities mapped to the physics curriculum, and they can be operated via the Internet on computers. The proposed virtual learning environment was evaluated by teachers and learners from the science faculties. The obtained results, together with similar findings from other studies, indicate the positive impact of the use of a virtual laboratory on learning outcomes, and support the adoption of the proposed learning environment in laboratory educational procedures as an alternative to physical laboratories.

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Section: The Potential Of Online Experimentation To Ensure Sustainabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of a Virtual Laboratory for Physics Subjects in Moroccan Universities

2021

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“…However, virtual laboratories can be incorporated into tasks designed to make the most of the skills that need to be acquired, in which students can face situations that may not be feasible with the means at their disposal, and even improve the perception and interpretation of the different phenomena of reality. Virtual laboratories are born in response to this need [11], where ICT (Information and Communication Technology) opens a wide variety of new ways and methodologies to improve learning, as well as to expand educational opportunities for more students [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Higher Education Sustainability through Virtual Laboratories: The Spanish University as Case of Study

Alcayde

Manzano‐Agugliaro

2018

Sustainability

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Education has been integrated into the globalization process supported by technological advances such as e-learning. The sustainability of the universities is one of the key points of the university survival, and they strongly depend on the number of students that can enroll in them. Thus, many of the educational institutions have had to develop their curricula based on the use new technologies. Without a doubt, virtual laboratories are the latest technology in this regard. The objective of this work is to determine which are the main institutions and research trends in relation to virtual laboratories. The methodology followed in this research was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the whole scientific production indexed in Scopus. The world’s scientific production has been analysed in the following domains: first the trend over time, types of publications and countries, second the main subjects and keywords, third main institutions and their main topics, and fourth the main journals and proceedings that publish on this topic. After that, a case study was analysed in detailed as a representative country (Spain). The most productive institution in this field, Universidad de Educación a Distancia (UNED). If the ranking is established by average citations per published paper, the first three institutions are from the USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Washington (Seattle), and Carnegie Mellon University. The scientific categories at world level and in the case of study are similar. First, there is the field of engineering followed by computer science and above all it highlights the wide spectrum of branches of knowledge in which this topic is published, which indicates the great acceptance of this teaching methodology in all fields of education. Finally, community detection has been applied to the case study and six clusters have been found: Virtual Reality, Users, E-learning, Programming, Automatic-robotics, Computer Simulation and Engineering Education. As a main conclusion, bibliographic analysis confirms that research in virtual laboratories is a very active field, where scientific productivity has exponentially increased over recent years in tandem with universities growth. Therefore, expectations are high in this field for the near future. The possibility of virtual laboratories opens up new perspectives for higher education sustainability, where the educational policies of countries could be reoriented.

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“…Scalability is the major attraction for franchising in social entrepreneurship (Zajko & Bradač Hojnik, 2018). Factors such as access to capital, local expertise and minimization of agency costs also motivate social franchising (Montagu, 2002).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Motivation Adoption and Performance In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social entrepreneurs use marketing strategies to promote behaviours and activities that enhance the health and wealth of individuals and society (Zajko & Bradač Hojnik, 2018). A major challenge to these entrepreneurs is how to scale up their ventures (Zajko & Bradač Hojnik, 2018). Social franchising is a marketing strategy that is increasingly being applied by international bodies across nations as a key option for scaling ventures (Maciejewski, Jaana, Keely, Crowe, & Liddy, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social franchising: A bibliometric and theoretical review

Naatu

Alon

2019

Journal of Promotion Management

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The rest of the paper is organised as follows: next is literature review and conceptual framework, followed by the methodology, findings, theoretical underpinnings, discussion and directions for future research, limitations and conclusion. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Commercial and Social Franchising Commercially, franchising is a contractual agreement between two independent entities (franchisor and franchisee) where the franchisor allows the franchisee the right to sell his products or services in return for fees and ongoing royalties (Lafontaine, 1992). The contract may involve products and tradename franchising or business format franchising (Alon, Boulanger, Misati, & Madanoglu, 2015). With tradename franchising, franchisees generally distribute products or services of the franchisor. In business format franchising, they receive the full business model in addition to the brand and training (Alon, et al., 2015). The main theoretical arguments given for franchising are agency and resource scarcity reasons (Tracey & Jarvis, 2007). Other factors include market saturation, search for profit, and intense competition (Alon, 2004; Rosado-Serrano, et al., 2018). Though franchisors and franchisees may engage in corporate social responsibility activities (Calderon-Monge & Huerta-Zavala, 2015), the bottom line is profit maximization (Montagu, 2002). Social franchising is variously defined, but the consensus is on the intention to achieve social benefits (Du Toit, 2017). It is a contractual arrangement that uses the format of commercial franchising to achieve social goals in different locations and countries (Montagu, 2002).

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Social Franchising Model as a Scaling Strategy for ICT Reuse: A Case Study of an International Franchise

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Design and Implementation of a Virtual Laboratory for Physics Subjects in Moroccan Universities

Design and Implementation of a Virtual Laboratory for Physics Subjects in Moroccan Universities

The Higher Education Sustainability through Virtual Laboratories: The Spanish University as Case of Study

Social franchising: A bibliometric and theoretical review

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