Social franchising: A systematic review

Cumberland, Denise M.; Litalien, Benjamin C.

doi:10.1080/1046669x.2019.1657757

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Until recently, the literature on social and micro-franchising has been limited (Cumberland and Litalien, 2018; Naatu and Alon, 2019). Naatu and Alon (2019) distinguished three streams dealing with motivations for social franchising, operations of social franchise chains and impact of social franchising.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is committed to achieving these goals by 2030 (UN, 2015). At the same time, in academic literature and the trade press, authors, such as Aliouche and Schlentrich (2015), Crawford-Spencer (2015), Crawford-Spencer and Cantatore (2016), Cumberland and Litalien (2018), Naatu and Alon (2019) and Perrigot (2018a), have analyzed the emergence, development and operations of franchised companies that attempt to meet, and often succeed in meeting, these social goals. They are called “social franchise chains.”…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social relationships and communication as key characteristics of social franchising in Africa

Perrigot

2021

IJRDM

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PurposeThis paper, using a case study on Jibu, a water distribution chain that distributes bottled water in Africa, aims to underline the importance of social relationships and communication within franchise chains operating in the social sector in developing countries and their contribution to the clarification of the concept of social franchising.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a case study of Jibu, a water distribution chain composed of 122 franchised units and 2,100 independent retailers. The primary data were gathered through an analysis of in-depth interviews with 67 people (Jibu co-founder, headquarters staff, franchisees, micro-franchisees and customers) in Uganda and Rwanda.FindingsThe findings showed that the extent and richness of social relationships and communication existing within the Jibu chain are not limited to top-down and build a feeling of belonging to a family. These social relationships and communication are key characteristics of social franchising.Practical implicationsThis research can assist franchise experts, franchisors and franchisees to better assess the importance of social relationships and communication in social franchise chains in developing countries and help national and local governments better understand how franchising works in the social sector.Social implicationsFranchising is not limited to hotels, restaurants and retail businesses. Franchising can be applied to businesses that have social goals, in addition to profit goals. For example, the Jibu franchise is a relevant and efficient solution to providing the African people with access to drinking water at an affordable resale price. This paper, thus, contributes to increasing the awareness of this franchising phenomenon in social sectors in developing countries and in Africa, in particular.Originality/valueAccess to drinking water is an important issue in many developing countries, above all in African countries. Franchised water services are an innovation in terms of a business model in developing countries with micro-treatment plants run by franchisees and small units run by micro-franchisees or retailers, both franchisees and micro-franchisees being local entrepreneurs.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social relationships and communication as key characteristics of social franchising in Africa

Perrigot

2021

IJRDM

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“…Yet, the way Unjani Clinics combines social and commercial incentives in an entrepreneurial model makes it a unique form of a “social franchise,” a relatively less well-known form of hybrid organization. While the social franchising concept has been discussed in prior literature (Asemota and Chahine 2017 ; Cumberland and Litalien 2018 ; Tracey and Jarvis 2007 ), Unjani Clinics employs a bundle of novel organization design features that, taken together, comprise its unique organizational form. These design features combine entrepreneurial autonomy with hierarchical safeguards to reduce the natural tension between the franchisor and franchisee, “incubate” organizational members, and contribute toward building a transparent organizational culture to achieve social mission-driven growth.…”

Section: A Unique Organizational Design For a “Social Franchise”mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unjani Clinics: meeting the need for scale through social franchising

2021

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“…Foster homes should be evaluated on the safety of the children, the safety of the home, medical and educational support provided by the homes, as well as the social and psychological supports provided by the homes The fifth stage is franchisee selection, selecting applicable individuals or organizations which may be interested in franchising (Asemota & Chahine, 2017). Potential franchisees may be interested in entering a social franchise arrangements for a number of different reasons, and the incentivisations may impact the success of the relationship (Cumberland and Litalien, 2018). For example, there are many faith-based organizations as well as secular organizations that serve those in need, and who seek to provide positive outcomes for those whom they serve.…”

Section: Social Franchise Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social enterprises are difficult to establish and are particularly liable to fail (Hayllar & Wettenhall, 2011), and social franchises are no exception to this, yet this approach also offers some unique opportunities, especially the opportunity to increase the capability and sustainability of the organization. Given that NGOs typically operate with limited resources yet vast needs, social franchising provides a strategy for generating capital, enhancing sustainability, improving quality and expanding impact (Cumberland & Litalien, 2018). Most social franchising efforts have been in the area of providing health care and services -however, this model offers opportunities for organizations providing services such as foster care in the Global South.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Foster Care Home NGO Sustainability via Social Franchising

Kwantes

Alwar

Cragg

et al. 2020

Manage: J. Sustainable Bus. Manage, Solutions Emerging Econ.

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Research Question: This paper investigates how the social franchising approach may enhance the sustainability and capability of Foster Home NGOs in the Global South. Motivation: While many programmes exist to address issues such as poverty and lack of education for children in nations of the Global South, many operate in isolation, and are grassroots and/or stand-alone operations. Little research has been undertaken to understand how various approaches to organizational sustainability may be enacted for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) seeking to provide care for children in foster care homes. Our goal was to apply franchising and social franchising concepts as a framework for NGOs and non-profit organizations to use as a way of enhancing both the capability of achieving their mission as well as a method of organizational sustainability. Idea: Much of the literature on social franchising has been in the area of providing health care and services – however, this model may be useful to enhance the sustainability for NGOs and non-profit organizations that provide other critical services as well, such as foster care homes in the Global South. Findings: The social franchising model offers a concrete and actionable business model to foster home organizations with multiple homes to standardize care delivery as well as develop a strong core organization. Contribution: This paper explores how applying the social franchising model could enhance sustainability of NGOs with foster care home programmes, as well as some of the opportunities and challenges in applying this model to such NGOs and non-profit organizations.

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Social franchising: A systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Social relationships and communication as key characteristics of social franchising in Africa

Social relationships and communication as key characteristics of social franchising in Africa

Unjani Clinics: meeting the need for scale through social franchising

Enhancing Foster Care Home NGO Sustainability via Social Franchising

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