Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses

Allardyce, Judith; Gilmour, Harper; Atkinson, Jacqueline M.; Rapson, T.; Bishop, Jennifer; McCreadie, Robin G.

doi:10.1192/bjp.187.5.401

Cited by 170 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A measure of fragmentation combining a number of relevant variables was developed by Congdon (1996) in relation to area suicide and self-harm contrasts within London, and has been applied in other studies of psychiatric illness and suicide. For example, Allardyce et al (2005) find this fragmentation score to be a significant risk factor for psychotic admissions after allowing for deprivation, while Evans et al (2004) find a significant association between social fragmentation and suicide that is not explained away by socioeconomic deprivation.…”

Section: Use Of Latent Area Constructs In Area Studies Of Suicide Andmentioning

confidence: 93%

Explaining the Spatial Pattern of Suicide and Self-Harm Rates: A Case Study of East and South East England

Congdon

2009

Appl. Spatial Analysis

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This paper examines the impacts on suicide and self harm rates of latent area constructs (deprivation, fragmentation and rurality), obtained via multivariate analysis of a larger set of census and non-census indicators. A case study involves male and female suicides and self-harm hospitalisations in 3242 small areas (known as wards) in East and South East England, including London. A Poisson regression model is applied to these data allowing for nonlinear effects of constructs and for interaction between them, as well as for Poisson extra-heterogeneity. In particular, the gain in model fit from predicting suicide and self-harm risk using the three constructs is assessed in terms of how far they account for spatially structured variation and for unstructured heterogeneity. Evidence for nonlinear effects and interaction between constructs is obtained, and implications for health resource allocation by regression evaluated.

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Section: Use Of Latent Area Constructs In Area Studies Of Suicide Andmentioning

confidence: 93%

Explaining the Spatial Pattern of Suicide and Self-Harm Rates: A Case Study of East and South East England

Congdon

2009

Appl. Spatial Analysis

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“…These factors may operate at many levels (individual, familial, community, or societal), making the links with urbanicity immediately apparent. At the community level, there is growing evidence that neighborhoods that are more socially fragmented, or have lower levels of social capital, have higher incidence rates of schizophrenia 58,59 , a finding not apparently confounded by socioeconomic deprivation. 57 Progress to identify putative societal-level factors using an eco-epidemiological perspective has been mirrored by efforts to identify more specific individual-level environmental factors over the life course, which may later increase schizophrenia risk.…”

Section: What Has Eco-epidemiology Taught Us?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevention of Schizophrenia--What Can We Learn From Eco-Epidemiology?

Kirkbride

Jones

2010

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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The search for the causes of schizophrenia has predominantly originated from 2 research paradigms; genetics and epidemiology. While each approach has made important contributions to etiological understanding, neither has fully resolved the exact milieu of risk factors for schizophrenia, and there is growing recognition that several pathways to the onset of such disorders may exist. Eco-epidemiology offers an integrative framework to study schizophrenia etiology, incorporating multiple, interactive levels of causation, including genetic, epigenetic, individual, familial, community, and societal domains over the life course. In this article, we review the current evidence base, through the lens of eco-epidemiology, to determine whether it warrants the design and implementation of putative prevention strategies for schizophrenia. We argue that while there are potentially large public health gains available, we do not currently have sufficient empirical data to design effective prevention strategies. It will be important for the research community to more fully elucidate the likely multifactorial, multilevel, polygenetic, and ecoepidemiological basis of schizophrenia before we can design useful prevention strategies. We conclude by speculating on the forms effective strategies might take.

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“…Smarter human communities are equivalent to smarter cities, and are communities that strengthen human bonds and services [53]. Socially segregated cities show symptoms of social disorder, which causes diverse problematics, such as crime or illness [33,53] Thus, the idea of smart cities can be associated with citizens that are active and aware of the need of integration and cooperation. The governance dimension and the live-city dimension are citizen-centric dimensions related to cooperation, participation, and a capacity for adaptation [54].…”

Section: The Meaning Of Smart City In the Conceptual Urban Quality Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social fragmentation is seen as a phenomenon that reduces the quality of life within a society. For instance, higher first admissions for psychosis are associated with high social fragmentation [33]. Social capital is influenced by the intensity of social links constructed by trust, sharing, and reciprocity [34].…”

Section: Livability Life-ability and The Construction Of 'Quality Omentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Urban Quality Space-Place Framework: Linking Geo-Information and Quality of Life

Cabrera-Barona

Merschdorf

2018

Urban Science

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Space and place are key concepts for understanding the functionality of social and environmental interactions. Cities are complex social-ecological systems where space-place interactions can be interpreted by means of quality of life. Firstly, we present several quality-of-life concepts that can be linked to space and place concepts. Secondly, we develop an analysis about space and place interactions, and how the social aspects, such as the sense of place, and physical aspects, such as urban spaces, are associated with quality of life and inclusive places. Thirdly, we state how the quality of life definitions of livability and life-ability are linked to the space and place concepts, and how this link can support the understanding of quality of life in cities, considering spatial thinking. Fourthly, we expand geo-information theories to a space-place approach of urban quality of life. Finally, we discuss how the developed conceptual framework can be applied to interpret the smart city. This paper contributes to the construction of new epistemologies that could support a more holistic understanding of the cities and a more social and humanistic use of geo-information and technology.

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Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses

Abstract: First-admission rates are strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation, independent of material deprivation and urban/rural category.

Cited by 170 publications

References 22 publications

Explaining the Spatial Pattern of Suicide and Self-Harm Rates: A Case Study of East and South East England

Explaining the Spatial Pattern of Suicide and Self-Harm Rates: A Case Study of East and South East England

The Prevention of Schizophrenia--What Can We Learn From Eco-Epidemiology?

A Conceptual Urban Quality Space-Place Framework: Linking Geo-Information and Quality of Life

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