Social Feedback Valence Differentially Modulates the Reward Positivity, P300, and Late Positive Potential

Funkhouser, Carter J.; Auerbach, Randy P.; Kujawa, Autumn; Morelli, Sylvia A.; Phan, K. Luan; Shankman, Stewart A.

doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000253

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…The present study extended this result to external, social feedback: people are more efficient in voluntarily forgetting information conveying social rejection than social acceptance. At a neural level, our ERP results suggest that such a mnemic neglect effect originated at the encoding stage: negative social feedback elicited smaller LPP amplitudes than positive feedback, which is in line with previous literature on the processing of social emotional materials (Bublatzky et al., 2014; Funkhouser et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020) and the insufficient integration theory proposed by Pinter et al. (2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Numerous previous studies using nonsocial materials (e.g., emotional words or pictures) have found comparable or even larger LPP amplitudes in negative, compared to positive, conditions (e.g., Schupp et al., 2000; for a review, see Hajcak et al., 2010). However, recent studies have demonstrated that the LPP amplitudes seem to show a different pattern when emotions are examined in social contexts, that is, larger LPP amplitudes were found following positive than negative social information (Bublatzky et al., 2014; Funkhouser et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020). For instance, Funkhouser et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Funkhouser et al. (2020) observed in an Island Getaway Task that participants showed larger LPP amplitudes for positive, compared to negative, social feedback given by peers. Similarly, our group used the Social Judgment Paradigm and found in individuals with a low but not high level of social anxiety that a positive social judgment evoked larger LPP amplitudes than a negative social judgment did (Gu et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Xie

et al. 2021

Psychophysiology

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Voluntary forgetting of unwanted memories is an adaptive cognitive function. However, it remains unknown how voluntary forgetting of unwanted social feedback may influence subsequent memories and evaluations, and what the underlying neurocognitive processes are. Here, we presented participants with peer photos together with feedback indicating social acceptance or rejection, followed by “remember” or “forget” instructive cues, while electroencephalograms were recorded during the experiment. We examined the Directed Forgetting (DF) effect in a recognition memory test, and tested participants' explicit and implicit attitudes toward the peers using a social evaluation task and an affect misattribution procedure (AMP). Both the memory test and the AMP were examined immediately and 3 days after the DF task so to estimate both the instant and the long‐term effects of memory control. Behaviorally, immediate memory test showed smaller DF effect for positive than negative social feedback, which suggests that forgetting positive social feedback was more difficult than forgetting negative social feedback. Regarding the ERP results, although participants showed comparable frontal N2 amplitudes (reflecting inhibitory control efforts) following the instruction of forgetting positive and negative social feedback, positive feedback elicited larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes than negative feedback during initial encoding phase, suggesting an encoding bias for positive self‐relevant information. Intriguingly, voluntary efforts to forget negative social feedback enhanced people's explicit and implicit evaluations toward the feedback senders. These findings provide new evidence for the adaptive function of memory control, which broadens the influence of voluntary forgetting in the context of social interaction and social evaluation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Xie

et al. 2021

Psychophysiology

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“…Similar to previous studies (Funkhouser et al, 2019;Weinberg and Shankman, 2017), ERPs to feedback in the Doors Task differed as a function of condition, F(2, 114)=44.94, p<.001, R 2 =.12, such that mean amplitudes were significantly greater following monetary gain relative to both loss, t(114)=4.18, p<.001, semi-partial R 2 =.03, and neutral feedback, t(114)=9.46, p<.001, semi-partial R 2 =.12. Amplitudes were more positive following monetary loss than neutral feedback, t(114) = 5.28, p < .001, semi-partial R 2 =.04.…”

Section: Preliminary Analysessupporting

confidence: 92%

Depression risk factors and affect dynamics: An experience sampling study

Funkhouser

Kaiser

Alqueza

et al. 2021

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Affect dynamics reflect individual differences in how emotional information is processed, and may provide insights into how depressive episodes develop. To extend prior studies that examined affect dynamics in currently depressed individuals, the present study tested in 68 nondepressed young adults whether three well-established risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) -(a) past episodes of MDD, (b) family history of MDD, and (c) reduced neurophysiological responses to reward -predicted mean levels, instability, or inertia (i.e., inflexibility) of positive affect (PA) and/or negative affect (NA). Momentary PA and NA were assessed up to 6 times per day for 14 days (mean number of surveys completed=45.89). MDD history and family history of MDD were assessed via semi-structured interview, and neurophysiological responses to reward were indexed using the Reward Positivity, an eventrelated potential related to depression. After adjusting for current depressive symptoms, results indicated that (a) past episodes of MDD predicted higher mean levels of NA, (b) family history of MDD predicted greater PA inertia, and (c) blunted reactivity to reward predicted greater NA inertia. Collectively, these results suggest that elevated mean levels of NA and inflexibility of PA and NA may be potential mechanisms that confer risk for depression.

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“…These residualized scores then control for activation that is common to processing both acceptance and rejection feedback, but may not represent a change from a neutral baseline. Future studies should consider the incorporation of non‐feedback trials or neutral feedback conditions; however, this too is challenging in social interaction paradigms, as there are individual differences in the interpretation of neutral interpersonal feedback (Meyer et al., 2004; Yoon & Zinbarg, 2008), as well as emerging evidence from the IG task that participants' neural responses to ambiguous feedback resemble their responses to rejection (Funkhouser et al, 2019). Moreover, prior research suggests that the RewP presents as a relative positivity to monetary reward, or the best possible local outcome in a task, and is less sensitive to differences between neutral and loss feedback (e.g., Kujawa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task

et al. 2020

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Strong social connections are important predictors of both mental and physical health. The ability to effectively process social feedback from other people and adjust behavior accordingly is a critical part of skillfully navigating the social landscape. However, relatively few studies have considered neural systems driving these behavioral adjustments. In this study, 254 participants engaged in a peer interaction game while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. In this game, participants repeatedly “interact” with a small set of virtual peers over a series of rounds, in which they provide feedback to their peers, and receive feedback from them in turn. A reward‐sensitive event‐related potential called the Reward Positivity (RewP) was extracted from the EEG following positive feedback from peers, and multilevel modeling was used to examine whether the RewP moderated associations between the feedback participants received during the task and their subsequent behavior. Participants were more likely to accept coplayers who had previously voted to accept them, and to like coplayers who had voted to accept them on the same round. A larger RewP was associated with a stronger tendency to modify behavior following feedback from peers, both in terms of voting behavior and expressions of liking. These data suggest that initial neural responsiveness to reward within 300 ms of positive social feedback may guide social behaviors. Thus, this line of research represents an important step toward a more complete understanding of the ways in which neural responses to feedback are involved in human social behaviors.

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Social Feedback Valence Differentially Modulates the Reward Positivity, P300, and Late Positive Potential

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Forgetting positive social feedback is difficult: ERP evidence in a directed forgetting paradigm

Depression risk factors and affect dynamics: An experience sampling study

Neural responses to social acceptance predict behavioral adjustments following peer feedback in the context of a real‐time social interaction task

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