Social facilitation and human–computer interaction

Hall, Byron E.; Henningsen, David Dryden

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.05.003

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Various explanations exist for social facilitation effects. A meta-analysis of over 240 studies concluded that the presence of others increases performance on simple tasks and decreases it on complex tasks (Hall & Henningsen, 2008;Bond & Titus, 1983). The meta-analysis supports SP as the primary explanation for social facilitation.…”

Section: Psychologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesizing Presence: A Multidisciplinary Review of the Literature

Beck

Fishwick

Kamhawi

et al. 2011

JVWR

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This multidisciplinary literature review analyzed one hundred and eight peer-reviewed journal articles focusing on presence from four academic disciplines: Mass Communication, Human-Computer Interaction, Education, and Psychology. It was conducted because there was a need for a comprehensive, integrated understanding of presence. Results strongly indicate that presence includes both objective and subjective criteria, and thus should be measured in both ways. Results also showed that the different academic disciplines approach the concept in similar, yet distinct ways. These similarities and differences also gave the researchers the necessary content to create a presence ontology. Future researchers are encouraged to use these results and ontology as a starting point for formulating research questions that advance an understanding of presence.

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Section: Psychologymentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesizing Presence: A Multidisciplinary Review of the Literature

Beck

Fishwick

Kamhawi

et al. 2011

JVWR

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“…Out of twenty-five papers that remained in our interest, three were excluded because of the lack of the "alone" condition (e.g., Anderson-Hanley, Snyder, Nimon, & Arciero, 2011). Another five did not meet the requirement of a clear performance measurement, meaning that there were no scores that we could assess in terms of clear improvement or impairment (e.g., Kappen et al, 2014 or a second study described by Hall & Henningsen, 2008). Furthermore, five articles were not analyzed, because of the observer criterion, i.e., it needs to be a computer-generated character.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses revealed an inhibition effect, but only in the conditions where the participants were wearing goggles. The last of the studies describing social inhibition was that con-ducted by Hall and Henningsen (2008). The subjects were to complete the typing task in either the presence of an animated computer icon or without it.…”

Section: Social Facilitation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can Virtual Observers Affect Our Behavior? Social Facilitation in Virtual Environments: A Mini-Review

Sterna¹,

Strojny

Rębilas

2019

SPB

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The social facilitation effect describes the change in the performance of the task under the influence of the presence of observers. The effect itself consists of two components: social facilitation in simple tasks and social inhibition in complex tasks. In the context of the dynamic development of new technologies, the question of the possible influence on human behavior by virtual characters gains importance. We attempted to critically describe and summarize current research on social facilitation in order to answer the question of whether it occurs in virtual environments. We found 13 relevant studies, 3 of which demonstrated social facilitation, 4 social inhibition and 1 demonstrated the whole effect. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are ambiguous. Firstly, we identified that 12 out of 13 analyzed studies failed to show the whole effect. Secondly, we encountered several shortcomings of the summarized research that further complicated its interpretation. The shortcomings: presence of the researcher, unclear usage of “agent” and “avatar”, evaluation of activation, no pilot tests of observers and no description of how their characteristics are generated, among others, are discussed. Furthermore, we investigated the effect sizes and their variability. The average effect size for social facilitation was g = 0.18, CI [-0.28; 0.64] and for social inhibition g = -0.18, CI [-0.40; 0.04]. In social facilitation, a substantial level of heterogeneity was detected. Finally, we conclude that it is still too early to provide a definite answer to the question of whether social facilitation exists in Virtual Environments. We recommend limiting evaluation activation to the lowest possible level, conducting pilot tests prior to the experiment, avoiding the presence of the researcher in the experimental room and a clear distinction of “agent” and “avatar”, as measures to achieve a better quality in future research.

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“…In multiple studies, researchers have found that participants react to interactive computer systems no differently than participants react to other people [59]. It is suggested that people fail to critically assess the computer and its limitations as an interaction partner [57] and as a result, the norms of interaction observed between people occur no differently between a person and a computer [33]. CASA has been used in multiple studies to provide structure for experimentation.…”

Section: Social Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Automated Leadership and Agent Interaction Modalities

Derrick¹,

Elson²

2019

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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Advances in computer technology and research in the field of artificial intelligence have enabled computers to take on roles traditionally held by humans. Insights from leadership research have identified behaviors that, when applied strategically and systematically, can improve individual and team performance. We propose that some aspects of leadership are candidates for automation. This paper briefly reviews relevant leadership literature and describes three leadership behaviors that may be possibly automated: goal setting, performance monitoring, and performance consequences. The paper also explores the relationship of different embodiments of the artificial leaders, the impact of these embodiments in conveying social presence and the impact of this presence on performance and satisfaction outcomes. We conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of automated leadership on follower attitudes and behavior. Initial results suggest that automated leadership may positively influence performance and accuracy for individuals engaged in a clerical task.

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Social facilitation and human–computer interaction

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Synthesizing Presence: A Multidisciplinary Review of the Literature

Synthesizing Presence: A Multidisciplinary Review of the Literature

Can Virtual Observers Affect Our Behavior? Social Facilitation in Virtual Environments: A Mini-Review

Exploring Automated Leadership and Agent Interaction Modalities

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