“…By using the PPM, we only need to consider the uniqueness of the research background and then determine the push, pull, and mooring factors of different topics, which is more appropriate to explore the transfer of Chinese college students from physical courses to online learning. Previous research that used the PPM model to discuss related issues shows that the main push and pull factors are dissatisfaction (Tang & Chen, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2014 ; Chang et al, 2014 ; Zhang et al, 2012 ; Su and Wu, 2020 ), and alternative attractiveness, respectively (Tang & Chen, 2020 ; Susanty et al, 2020 ; Jung et al, 2017 ; Su and Chen, 2020 ). However, switching intention is still affected by many factors (Hou & Shiau, 2020 ).…”