Social Exclusion in Everyday Life

Learning to cope with everyday instances of social exclusion: A review of emotional and cognitive strategies for children and adolescents

“…Social exclusion has been broadly defined as the experience of being kept apart from others physically (e.g., social isolation) or emotionally (e.g., being ignored or told one is not wanted; see Riva & Eck, ). According to recent work in this area (see also Wesselmann et al, ), social exclusion can be further distinguished into two main phenomena, rejection and ostracism. Although rejection involves an overt refuse to interact, ostracism is primarily characterized by the act of ignoring a person (Wesselmann et al, ).…”

“…According to recent work in this area (see also Wesselmann et al, ), social exclusion can be further distinguished into two main phenomena, rejection and ostracism. Although rejection involves an overt refuse to interact, ostracism is primarily characterized by the act of ignoring a person (Wesselmann et al, ). Both rejection and ostracism can have detrimental effects on children and adolescents’ well‐being, and, if prolonged, may lead to psychopathological disorders (Gazelle & Ladd, ; Ladd, ).…”

Workplace Discrimination against Sexual Minorities: Subtle and not‐so‐subtle

“…Endnotes 1 Researchers often use the terms exclusion, ostracism, and rejection interchangeably, but there are debates about how these and other phenomena (e.g., bullying, discrimination) differ theoretically and empirically (Smart Richman, & Leary, 2009;Williams, 2009). We acknowledge these differences but choose to use the term ostracism for simplicity because most of the outcomes we discuss occur similarly across phenomena (Wesselmann, Grzybowski, Steakley-Freeman, DeSouza, Nezlek, & Williams, 2016). In this manuscript, we use the term ostracism to refer to any research that involves measures of LGBT employees' feeling a lack of belonging or isolation in their workplace.…”

Exploring Microaggressions Among Trans Populations: Effects on Feelings of Social Exclusion

“…Humans have fundamental psychological needs to be connected to others, such that, they are sensitive to any cue that there is a threat to their social relationships (Wesselmann et al, 2016).…”

“…Theorists have created models to organize the diverse theoretical and operational definitions of experiences that threaten social connections (Wesselmann et al, 2016). Most theorists conceptualize social exclusion as having two core experiences, which are rejection and ostracism.…”