Social exclusion and social security: the case of Zimbabwe

Kaseke, Edwin

doi:10.4314/jsda.v18i1.23818

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Previous assessments of Drought Relief in Zimbabwe in the 1980s and 1990s have been based on administrative data regarding aggregate distributions of rations (Sithole and Chikanda, 1994; Tobaiwa, 1993; WFP 1994; World Bank, 1995), a cursory analysis of national household survey data (Inter‐Ministerial Committee, 1993a, 1993b, and 1996), or on small‐scale ethnographic studies (Mararike, 1999). Some studies have used a mixture of these methods (Borsotti, 1993; Drèze and Sen, 1989: 146–151; Eldridge, 2002; Hicks, 1993; ILO 1993; Kaseke, 1993; Kaseke et al, 1997; Rukuni and Jayne, 1995; Sen, 1999: 177–9; Thompson, 1993). Some studies have relied on household surveys of sub‐national populations, like people living in resettlement areas (e.g.…”

Section: Drought Relief In Zimbabwe 1982‐2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Zimbabwe's drought‐relief programmes…, given the magnitude of the grain deficits faced by many rural households,… can only be seen as somewhat cosmetic” (Rukuni and Jayne, 1995: 55). Kaseke's assessment (1993: 56) was equally blunt: ‘the food provided… is hardly sufficient to sustain a family.… (T)he drought relief programme as it is presently organised cannot be considered a meaningful social security scheme”.…”

Section: Drought Relief In Zimbabwe 1982‐2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zimbabwe's Drought Relief Programme in the 1990s: A Re‐Assessment Using Nationwide Household Survey Data

Munro¹

2006

Contingencies & Crisis Mgmt

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Zimbabwe's Drought Relief Programme was hailed in the 1980s and 1990s as an effective response to a food crisis in a poor country. International observers in particular credited the Programme with preventing famine and protecting livelihoods. Even before the current political turmoil and the ensuing politicisation of Drought Relief that have afflicted Zimbabwe since 2000, Zimbabwean authors were more sceptical about the effectiveness of Drought Relief. Both sides in the debate, however, failed to substantiate their arguments with national household survey data on who got what kind of assistance from Drought Relief, but rather relied on administrative data, qualitative interviews or sub‐national surveys. Drawing its inspiration from WHO's minimum evaluation procedure, this article uses data from four nationwide household surveys in 1992–1993 and 1995–1996 and various definitions of poverty to ask whether Drought Relief provided poor people with relevant, timely and adequate assistance in the 1990s. The analysis suggests that Drought Relief was effective in supporting drought‐affected smallholders during the 1990s. Drought Relief generally had a slight pro‐poor bias. Unfortunately, Drought Relief since 2000 has a very different character.

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Section: Drought Relief In Zimbabwe 1982‐2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drought Relief In Zimbabwe 1982‐2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zimbabwe's Drought Relief Programme in the 1990s: A Re‐Assessment Using Nationwide Household Survey Data

Munro¹

2006

Contingencies & Crisis Mgmt

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“…According to Kaseke (2003) GoZ operates a non-contributory public assistance programme providing assistance in cash or kind to destitute persons targeting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, persons with disabilities, the chronically ill and dependants of indigent persons. The scheme is meanstested and is administered by the Department of Social Services.…”

Section: Social Welfare Safety Nets Implemented In Zimbabwementioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths and weaknesses of Zimbabwe’s National Social Security Authority: a critical point of view

Nhapi

Mathende

2016

CPP

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Resumo O presente artigo foca o impacto dos sistemas de segurança social sobre os utentes pensionistas, realizando para esse fim uma análise das dinâmicas da Autoridade Nacional de Segurança Social (NSSA) no Zimbabué. Os autores realizaram uma análise de conteúdo da literatura empírica disponível com o objetivo de reunir e sintetizar resultados que permitam uma perspetiva crítica sobre a Segurança Social neste país. As perspetivas centradas na contestação do mandato da NSSA relativamente à proteção de trabalhadores são também analisadas. Os autores argumentam que o papel do sistema de segurança social será a prevenção e redução da pobreza entre pensionistas e desempregados. Deste modo, sugerem o realinhamento da NSSA com o seu mandato original orientado para a proteção dos trabalhadores na pobreza, garantindo ao mesmo tempo a sua dignidade.

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“…The reform in Ghana had hit hard the rural households, low-income urban households and children under 5 years of age. Similarly, in Zimbabwe, which began implementing SAP in 1991, increased maternal mortality rates were noted because of the introduction of hospital fees for those earning more than four-hundred Zimbabwean dollars and above per month (Kumssa, 2006;Kaseke, 2003). In the developing world, structural adjustment meant an acceptance of neoclassical theory that sought to make both the state and the market more efficient, thereby accelerating growth and eliminating waste.…”

Section: Discontent With Socialism and Structural Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical of other African colonies, the welfare system in Rhodesia (the pre-independence name of Zimbabwe) was principally designed for the benefit of the white communities. In the African communities, traditional structures provided what help was possible for vulnerable groups like the very old and the very young, but when Zimbabwe gained independence and sought to modernize, the inadequacy of the past institutional and traditional arrangements, especially in the matter of income maintenance, became apparent (Kaseke, 2003). The social exclusion in formal social security programs forced the excluded groups to rely on traditional kinship-based networks and mutual aid arrangements, which were-and remain-incapable of meeting all but the most basic needs, and often not even those.…”

Section: Welfare and Its Multiple Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-independence African Policy: African Socialism and the Organization of African Unity

Kumssa¹,

Jones²

2014

PAR

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This article discusses the immediate post-independence African policy and the consequences of Africa's national sovereignty-African socialism in its various forms, and the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The political trends in Africa in the 1940s and 1950s were largely leftist, partly as a reaction to the colonial countries that the new African leaders viewed as predominantly capitalist and an economic threat to Africa's development. After independence, several African countries embarked upon state controlled economic development policy, involving central planning and a large public sector. Right after independence Ghana, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, and later Ethiopia embraced socialist ideology and embarked on centrally planned socialist development strategy. The growing appeal of Socialism and the central planning model in general, and of public enterprises in particular, arose from the recognition that the public sector is a very important instrument at the disposal of the state for the achievement of sustainable development. Moreover, nationalist African leaders embraced a state controlled development strategy because it gave them the opportunity to control private and foreign enterprises, which they viewed as agents of exploitation and domination. African nationalists were eager to bring their countries up to the socioeconomic level of other modern nations with social service systems for health, education, and welfare. However, the centralised development strategy not only hindered economic growth but also created subtle bureaucratic system that became an impediment to development. In response to this problem and encouraged by the collapse of the Soviet System and the end of the Cold War, many African countries introduced economic and political reforms that include liberalization of the economy and democratization of their polity. They have embraced the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) and limited the role of state to the provision of some services while private initiative and ownership and role of the market are encouraged. Unfortunately, the results of the reform have not been as satisfactory as the policymakers might have wished. Social safety nets, whether traditional or government-supported, have often been dismantled. Public social programmes, such as education and health services, have slowed or ground to a halt, while at the same time unemployment or underemployment have increased because of privatization schemes and the reduction of government subsidies to state-run enterprises. While this has been a fact of life in practically all transitional economies, African countries already burdened with foreign debt had felt the pain most acutely. The problem was finding models applicable to a mainly agricultural region in contrast to the welfare systems of industrial countries. To make the choices harder, the European and North American systems differed in their social service delivery systems from those of Japan or Australia. The article also discusses the r...

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Social exclusion and social security: the case of Zimbabwe

Abstract: The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library.

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Zimbabwe's Drought Relief Programme in the 1990s: A Re‐Assessment Using Nationwide Household Survey Data

Zimbabwe's Drought Relief Programme in the 1990s: A Re‐Assessment Using Nationwide Household Survey Data

Strengths and weaknesses of Zimbabwe’s National Social Security Authority: a critical point of view

Post-independence African Policy: African Socialism and the Organization of African Unity

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