Social-Environmental Influences on the Occurrence of Neonatal Tetanus in Some Riverine Communities in Nigeria

Nte, Alice; Ekanem, Emmanuel; Gbaraba, P V; Oruamabo, R S

doi:10.1177/004947559702700418

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This thus accounted for 27.3% of all neonatal deaths. This report is contrary to other reports from other centres where prematurity was far the most common cause of neonatal mortality 13 15 16 The reason for this high prevalence of severe birth asphyxia and prematurity may be attributable to poor antenatal and perinatal care. Again poverty, lack of adequate health education, poor health facilities are other contributory factors to neonatal mortality in this environment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This again is similar to series of reports by other researchers. The reason for this high incidence is partly due to contaminations from unhygienic cord care practices and other traditional practices including tribal marking and abdominal scarifications and other unhealthy practices, delivery conducted by unqualified health personnel, unhygienic environment and poor health education among parents 1016. No case of neonatal malaria was seen in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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An audit of paediatric mortality patterns in a Nigerian teaching hospital

2014

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Background:The 4th millennium development goals (2002) reported that sub-Saharan Africa countries including Nigeria have a persistently high childhood mortality rates in-spite of all the preventive and interventional measures to reduce this ugly trend.Patients and Methods:Childhood mortality data was obtained from the medical records department and post-mortem records of the pathology departments over a 5-year period from January 2007 to December 2011. The selection criteria include all case notes with mortality records involving children admitted into the paediatrics department through the labour ward and the obstetrics theater, children emergency unit (CHER), paediatric out-patient clinic.Results:A total of 12,442 children were admitted during this period. Of this, 711 paediatric deaths were documented accounting for 17.5%. The male to female mortality ratio was 1.4:1. The age range was from birth to 17 years. Neonatal deaths accounted for the most common cause of death constituting 344 (48.4%) of all deaths. Among the neonatal mortality patterns, severe birth asphyxia/perinatal asphyxia was the most common cause of early neonatal deaths accounting for 97 (28.2%). Septicaemia accounted for the most frequent cause of infant mortality accounting for 28 (21.8%). Among the under-5 age group, severe malaria constituted the most common cause of death accounting for 52 (36.6%) cases while malignancy topped the list of 5-17 years mortality rate constituting 15 (15.4%) cases.Conclusion:Perinatal and neonatal deaths constitute the vast majority of death in our environment with most of the deaths resulting from severe birth asphyxias, prematurity. Again in the post-neonatal period, infections and other preventable diseases constitute the most common cause of death in children of under age group of five years. Above 5 years childhood malignancies constitutes the highest mortality pattern.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

An audit of paediatric mortality patterns in a Nigerian teaching hospital

2014

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“…Our study found that congestive heart failure and hematological malignancy were top primary causes of school age group mortality. This is consistent with findings in China and Nigeria [ 19 – 21 ], but quite different to other studies in Nigeria, Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa countries which suggested a smaller role for these conditions [ 26 , 39 , 40 ]. This disparity may be due to lack of cardiac and pediatric oncology services in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Prevalence and associated factors of pediatric emergency mortality at Tikur Anbessa specialized tertiary hospital: a 5 year retrospective case review study

Jofiro¹,

Jemal²,

Beza

et al. 2018

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundChildhood mortality remains high in resource-limited third world countries. Most childhood deaths in hospital often occur within the first 24 h of admission. Many of these deaths are from preventable causes. This study aims to describe the patterns of mortality in children presenting to the pediatric emergency department.MethodsThis was a five-year chart review of deaths in pediatric patients aged 7 days to 13 years presenting to the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Tertiary Hospital (TASTH) from January 2012 to December 2016. Data were collected using a pretested, structured checklist, and analyzed using the SPSS Version 20. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression was carried out to estimate any measures of association between variables of interest and the primary outcome of death.ResultsThe proportion of pediatric emergency department (PED) deaths was 4.1% (499 patients) out of 12,240 PED presentations. This translates to a mortality rate of 8.2 deaths per 1000 patients per year. The three top causes of deaths were pneumonia, congestive heart failure (CHF) and sepsis. Thirty two percent of the deaths occurred within 24 h of presentation with 6.5% of the deaths being neonates and the most common co-morbid illness was malnutrition (41.1%).Multivariate analysis revealed that shortness of breath [AOR=2.45, 95% CI (1.22-4.91)], late onset of signs and symptoms [AOR=3.22, 95% CI (1.34-7.73)], fever [AOR=3.17, 95% CI (1.28-7.86)], and diarrhea [AOR=3.36, 95% CI (1.69-6.67)] had significant association with early mortality.ConclusionThe incidence of pediatric emergency mortality was high in our study. A delay in presentation of more than 48 hours, diarrheal diseases and shortness of breath were significantly associated with early pediatric mortality. Early identification and intervention are required to reduce pediatric emergency mortality.

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“…NNT is considered eliminated from a country when the annual incidence is <1/1000 live births [3]. The elimination of NNT is an essential and attainable goal through a combination of two approaches, increasing the immunization coverage of women of child-bearing age, especially pregnant women, and improving maternity care, with particular emphasis on increasing the proportions of deliveries that are attended by skilled personnel [48]. NNT mortality should serve as an index of the quality and the extent of utilization of maternal health services, of the impact of immunization programs, and of the progress being made in achieving the elimination of NNT [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge about and preventive practices against neonatal tetanus among young Nigerian women

et al. 2019

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Objective: The objective of this study was carried out to determine the knowledge about and preventive practices against neonatal tetanus (NNT) in young women of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design of 380 randomly selected consenting young women of child-bearing age at a Nigerian tertiary educational institution. They completed a semi-structured questionnaire on knowledge about and risk factors for NNT, willingness to receive the vaccine, and uptake of tetanus toxoid vaccine. Results: The mean age (standard deviation) of the women was 22.4 (4.6) years ranging from 15 to 30 years. The majority (64.5%) had poor knowledge of the causes of and risk factors for NNT with only 31% knowing that immunizing women against tetanus prevents NNT. Most of the women (58%) were unwilling to receive tetanus immunization. A total of 15.5% had received tetanus toxoid, but only 0.5% had completed the required dosage. A higher proportion of respondents with good knowledge about tetanus had tetanus toxoid immunization (28.1% vs. 8.6%; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Knowledge about NNT, willingness to receive the vaccine, and uptake of tetanus toxoid were unacceptably poor among respondents. There is a need for continuous education targeting young women on the link between the tetanus immunization status of women and the occurrence of NNT.

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Social-Environmental Influences on the Occurrence of Neonatal Tetanus in Some Riverine Communities in Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

An audit of paediatric mortality patterns in a Nigerian teaching hospital

An audit of paediatric mortality patterns in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Prevalence and associated factors of pediatric emergency mortality at Tikur Anbessa specialized tertiary hospital: a 5 year retrospective case review study

Knowledge about and preventive practices against neonatal tetanus among young Nigerian women

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