Social, environmental and microbiologic aspects of endemic mycoses in Brazil

Costa, Marina C.; Sá, Nívea Pereira de; Johann, Susana; Santos, Danielle Anjos dos

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2018.11.004

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…and I.O.L.) reviewed their work; the following information was listed: [1] article data (authors, year of publication and journal) [2]; setting (city and state) [3]; objectives of the studies [4]; characteristics of the participants [5]; prevalence of the positive cases of dermatophytosis [6]; prevalent infectious agent and clinical aspects of the dermatophytosis [7]; diagnostic methods used; and [8] quality. If this data were not available directly, it was calculated from the data presented in the article.…”

Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dermatophytoses are among the most common causes of skin diseases in the world, and the actual prevalence is probably underestimated. Individuals with dry skin, school-age children, rural workers, and athletes, people with diabetes, immunodeficient and obese people seem to be the most likely to develop dermatophytoses [5]. However, due to immigration, travel activities and continuing changes in surveillance, diagnosis and antifungal use, this pattern is changing [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of dermatophytoses in Brazil: a systematic review

Pereira

Gomes

Silva

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Dermatophytosis is a common cutaneous mycosis worldwide whose prevalence in Brazil is still unknown. This systematic review has estimated the burden of dermatophytoses from updated literature data reported in the general Brazilian population. We used the following databases: Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Scopus for studies published between 2011 and 2020. Original articles with an emphasis on prevalence data for dermatophytosis in the Brazilian population, and diagnosed by culture exam or molecular biology were eligible. We also assessed the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The occurrence of dermatophytoses found in the studies ranged from 4–88.50 %. The pooled prevalence of dermatophytosis for the population studies was 25 % (95 % CI: 24.7–25.3 %). The size of the samples used in the studies ranged from 45 to 36 446 participants, and ages ranged up to 98 years old. The populations studied involved mostly women. The presence of tinea unguium (toenail and fingernail) and tinea pedis were the most frequent dermatophytosis, and we observed a predominance of Trichophyton rubrum, T. interdigitale and T. mentagrophytes. The studies were primarily conducted in patient groups with suspected mycoses and were not entirely representative of the general population. Yet we believe that in the future, more collaborative strategies would improve both diagnostic capacity and epidemiological methodologies, associating the prevalence of dermatophytosis with social and environmental risk factors. This review helps to better understand future epidemiological trends in Brazil and the world.

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Section: Study Selection and Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of dermatophytoses in Brazil: a systematic review

Pereira

Gomes

Silva

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Among the species identified, Aspergillus fumigatus (25.35%) exhibited the highest relative abundance (Figure 2), which is an important allergen that causes aspergillosis and is a major cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide [25]. In Brazil, epidemiological data are rather scarce because of the difficulty in correct diagnosis [26], and studies with environmental isolates of A. fumigatus and A. flavus demonstrated a 20%-25% rate of the itraconazole resistance [27]. Furthermore, often present in soil and air samples [28], they have been abundantly identified as soils natives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights on Environmental Occurrence of Pathogenic Fungi Based on Metagenomic Data from Brazilian Cerrado Biome

Costa

Souza

Voidaleski

et al. 2022

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and majorly contributes to the country's grain production. Previous studies on soil metagenomics from the Cerrado revealed an outstanding microbial diversity. In this study, the abundance of pathogenic fungi was analyzed using metagenomic sequences of the Cerrado soils under native vegetation, and under agriculture with no-tillage and conventional tillage. In total, 128,627 sequences of fungi were identified, with 43,439 representing pathogenic fungi and were distributed as follows: native 17,301 (40%), no-tillage 13,780 (32%), and conventional tillage 12,358 (28%). We identified 41 pathogenic fungal species associated with human and animal infections. The data analysis revealed that the native soils had a higher relative abundance of fungal sequences, similar to pathogenic species sequences, in relation to the total eukaryotic sequences, than the conventional tillage and no-tillage treatments, which observed a reduction in fungal abundance because of anthropogenic activities.

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“…Finally, the impact of the CCR5D32 on fungal infections is unknown in Brazilian populations and quite sparse in other human populations, and therefore research in this field is needed. Of note, Brazil is affected by several endemic mycoses, such as Dermatophytosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Cryptococcosis, among others (171). Understanding whether and how the CCR5D32 influences the susceptibility or clinical progression of these diseases can provide insights into the potential use of CCR5-based therapies for these diseases.…”

Section: Ccr5d32 In Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population

Kulmann-Leal

Ellwanger

2021

Front. Immunol.

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The genetic background of Brazilians encompasses Amerindian, African, and European components as a result of the colonization of an already Amerindian inhabited region by Europeans, associated to a massive influx of Africans. Other migratory flows introduced into the Brazilian population genetic components from Asia and the Middle East. Currently, Brazil has a highly admixed population and, therefore, the study of genetic factors in the context of health or disease in Brazil is a challenging and remarkably interesting subject. This phenomenon is exemplified by the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, a 32 base-pair deletion in the CCR5 gene. CCR5Δ32 originated in Europe, but the time of origin as well as the selective pressures that allowed the maintenance of this variant and the establishment of its current frequencies in the different human populations is still a field of debates. Due to its origin, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is high in European-derived populations (~10%) and low in Asian and African native human populations. In Brazil, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is intermediate (4-6%) and varies on the Brazilian States, depending on the migratory history of each region. CCR5 is a protein that regulates the activity of several immune cells, also acting as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. The CCR5 expression is influenced by CCR5Δ32 genotypes. No CCR5 expression is observed in CCR5Δ32 homozygous individuals. Thus, the CCR5Δ32 has particular effects on different diseases. At the population level, the effect that CCR5Δ32 has on European populations may be different than that observed in highly admixed populations. Besides less evident due to its low frequency in admixed groups, the effect of the CCR5Δ32 variant may be affected by other genetic traits. Understanding the effects of CCR5Δ32 on Brazilians is essential to predict the potential use of pharmacological CCR5 modulators in Brazil. Therefore, this study reviews the impacts of the CCR5Δ32 on the Brazilian population, considering infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Finally, this article provides a general discussion concerning the impacts of a European-derived variant, the CCR5Δ32, on a highly admixed population.

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Social, environmental and microbiologic aspects of endemic mycoses in Brazil

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

The prevalence of dermatophytoses in Brazil: a systematic review

The prevalence of dermatophytoses in Brazil: a systematic review

New Insights on Environmental Occurrence of Pathogenic Fungi Based on Metagenomic Data from Brazilian Cerrado Biome

CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population

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