Social–Emotional Problems in Early Childhood and the Development of Depressive Symptoms in School-Age Children

Constructive and Destructive Marital Conflict, Parenting, and Children's School and Social Adjustment

“…During this particular developmental period, children are spending more time away from home; they are increasingly immersed in school and peer activities (Gross, Shaw, & Moilanen, ; Rimm‐Kaufman & Pianta, ). Early school and social adjustment are also related to later trajectories of children's socioemotional development, such as emotional, psychological, and academic functioning (Meagher, Arnold, Doctoroff, Dobbs, & Fisher, ; Troop‐Gordon & Ladd, ). Understanding factors that influence these developmental processes in early childhood may be valuable in preventing later socioemotional difficulties.…”

“…Longitudinal relations between constructive and destructive marital conflict, mothers' and fathers' parenting (i.e., psychological control, warmth, and inconsistent discipline), and children's school and social adjustment in early to middle childhood were examined. This particular developmental stage is critical to study, as early and middle childhood school and social competence are developmental markers of children's later adjustment (Meagher et al., ; Troop‐Gordon & Ladd, ). The following aims were addressed: (1) how specific dimensions of mothers' and fathers' parenting are impacted by constructive and destructive marital conflict behaviors, respectively; (2) how various family processes (i.e., marital conflict and parenting) influence children's social and school adjustment; and (3) reciprocal links between constructs.…”

Does Preschool Physical Activity and Electronic Media Use Predict Later Social and Emotional Skills at 6 to 8 Years? A Cohort Study

“…6 Research has shown that indicators of psychosocial health during early childhood are associated with later academic achievement and mental health. [7][8][9] Therefore, promoting healthy levels of physical activity and electronic media use during the early childhood period may result in improved psychosocial health, academic achievement and mental health throughout life. However, game-playing is a normal and healthy component of childhood development and participating in moderate amounts of electronic games may not be detrimental to healthy development.…”

Early Childhood Electronic Media Use as a Predictor of Poorer Well-being

“…Poorer levels of well-being during early childhood are associated with later outcomes, such as depression and hostile and aggressive behavior. [8][9][10] Conversely, good levels of well-being during early childhood may support positive behavioral, social, and academic outcomes during later childhood. 11,12 Some evidence suggests that higher levels of electronic media use may be detrimental to well-being during early childhood.…”