Social Effects of Movement Synchrony: Increased Infant Helpfulness only Transfers to Affiliates of Synchronously Moving Partners

Cirelli, Laura K.; Wan, Stephanie; Trainor, Laurel J.

doi:10.1111/infa.12140

Cited by 93 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This third study is also important in that the second experimenter, with whom the infants performed the prosocial tasks, was blind to whether the infant experienced synchronous or asynchronous bouncing. In this study, we also found that the amount of time infants spent making direct eye contact with the bouncing experimenter during the interpersonal movement phase did not differ across movement condition (synchronous/asynchronous) and did not predict helping (Cirelli et al, 2016). In sum, these three studies show that synchronous movement can have profound effects on social affiliation early in development.…”

Section: Oving In Time With Others Orsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…First, the effect on overall helpfulness in this sample was specifically driven by a boost in delayed helping (helping after 10 s into each trial). In our previous studies (Cirelli, Einarson, & Trainor, 2014;Cirelli et al, 2016), it was spontaneous helping (helping within the first 10 s) that was especially increased by interpersonal synchrony. Spontaneous helping has been interpreted as representing more altruistic helpfulness (Carpenter et al, 2013;Cirelli, Einarson, & Trainor, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, in a third study, infants did extend their helpfulness towards a second experimenter, but only if this person was shown to be socially affiliated with the experimenter with whom the infant had been bounced synchronously (Cirelli et al, 2016;Trainor & Cirelli, 2015). This suggests that infants may use synchronous movement as a cue for social relationships.…”

Section: Oving In Time With Others Ormentioning

confidence: 90%

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Effects of Interpersonal Movement Synchrony on Infant Helping Behaviors

Cirelli¹,

Wan²,

Spinelli³

et al. 2017

Music Perception

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MOVING IN SYNCHRONY WITH OTHERS ENCOURAGESprosocial behavior. Adults who walk, sing, or tap together are later more likely to be cooperative, helpful, and rate each other as likeable. Our previous studies demonstrated that interpersonal synchrony encourages helpfulness even in 14-month-old infants. However, in those studies, infants always experienced interpersonal synchrony in a musical context. Here we investigated whether synchronous movement in a nonmusical context has similar effects on infant helpfulness. Fourteen-month-olds were bounced gently while the experimenter faced the infant and bounced with them either in-or out-of-synchrony. In contrast to our previous studies, instead of listening to music during this interpersonal movement phase while being bounced, infants listened to nonrhythmic nature sounds. We then tested infant prosociality directed toward the experimenter. Results showed that synchronous bouncing still encouraged more prosociality than asynchronous bouncing, despite the absence of music. However, helping was more delayed and fussiness rates were much higher than in our previous studies with music. Thus music may not be necessary for interpersonal synchrony to influence infant helpfulness, but the presence of music may act as a mood regulator or distractor to help keep infants happy and allow them to fully experience the effects of synchronous movement.

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Section: Oving In Time With Others Orsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Oving In Time With Others Ormentioning

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Interpersonal Movement Synchrony on Infant Helping Behaviors

Cirelli¹,

Wan²,

Spinelli³

et al. 2017

Music Perception

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…The social importance of joint action is demonstrated in that simply moving in synchrony with another increases interpersonal affiliation, trust, and/or cooperative behavior in infants and adults (e.g., refs. [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The temporal predictability of music provides an ideal framework for achieving such synchronous movement, and it has been hypothesized that musical behavior evolved and remains adaptive today because it promotes cooperative social interaction and joint action (10)(11)(12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance

Chang

Livingstone

Bosnyak

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

124

140

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The cultural and technological achievements of the human species depend on complex social interactions. Nonverbal interpersonal coordination, or joint action, is a crucial element of social interaction, but the dynamics of nonverbal information flow among people are not well understood. We used joint music making in string quartets, a complex, naturalistic nonverbal behavior, as a model system. Using motion capture, we recorded body sway simultaneously in four musicians, which reflected real-time interpersonal information sharing. We used Granger causality to analyze predictive relationships among the motion time series of the players to determine the magnitude and direction of information flow among the players. We experimentally manipulated which musician was the leader (followers were not informed who was leading) and whether they could see each other, to investigate how these variables affect information flow. We found that assigned leaders exerted significantly greater influence on others and were less influenced by others compared with followers. This effect was present, whether or not they could see each other, but was enhanced with visual information, indicating that visual as well as auditory information is used in musical coordination. Importantly, performers' ratings of the "goodness" of their performances were positively correlated with the overall degree of body sway coupling, indicating that communication through body sway reflects perceived performance success. These results confirm that information sharing in a nonverbal joint action task occurs through both auditory and visual cues and that the dynamics of information flow are affected by changing group relationships.leadership | joint action | music performance | body sway | Granger causality C oordinating actions with others in time and space-joint action-is essential for daily life. From opening a door for someone to conducting an orchestra, periods of attentional and physical synchrony are required to achieve a shared goal. Humans have been shaped by evolution to engage in a high level of social interaction, reflected in high perceptual sensitivity to communicative features in voices and faces, the ability to understand the thoughts and beliefs of others, sensitivity to joint attention, and the ability to coordinate goal-directed actions with others (1-3). The social importance of joint action is demonstrated in that simply moving in synchrony with another increases interpersonal affiliation, trust, and/or cooperative behavior in infants and adults (e.g., refs. 4-9). The temporal predictability of music provides an ideal framework for achieving such synchronous movement, and it has been hypothesized that musical behavior evolved and remains adaptive today because it promotes cooperative social interaction and joint action (10-12). Indeed music is used in important situations where the goal is for people to feel a social bond, such as at religious ceremonies, weddings, funerals, parties, sporting events, political rallies, and in the military...

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“…Infants in return respond positively [5].The common rhythmic rocking movements accompanying these songs is said to increase the infants social affiliative behavior [6,7]. The Indian schooling system followed the Vedic principle incorporating the Guru Shishya tradition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music: The Journey from Neural Entertainment to Therapy

Sundaravadhanan¹

2017

Epidemiology

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Music has been intricately linked to humanity since times immemorial. Initially believed to be a pleasurable activity, there has been a paradigm shift in understanding of this mysterious entity. During ancient times music was thought to enhance ones physical, mental, spiritual and social health. This applied also to unborn child as is evident in the garbhasanskaras from ancient Indian texts. Last decade has witnessed fierce research in providing objective validation of this age old myth. Researchers have concluded that in addition to providing neural entertainment, music also has restorative and healing powers. So impressive are the results that a new branch of therapeutics has emerged called Neurologic Music Therapy. Reviewing the current body of evidence, an attempt has been made to get to the origin of music and trace its evolution and entry into therapeutics from the perspective of Neurosciences. In spite of scientifically tempered enthusiasm and technological back up there are many questions which remain unanswered. The Indian Music Industry which is currently worth 10 Billion Rupees is set to double its revenues by 2019. Why "The Gangham style" from Korea or the "Kolaveri di" from India goes on to have millions of "likes" worldwide, remains a mystery. Precise localization of the neural substrate of music at anatomical, physiological and molecular level still remains unclear. Neuroscience seems to be poised to unravel the mystery of music. Only time will tell whether sound will become music or vice versa.

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Social Effects of Movement Synchrony: Increased Infant Helpfulness only Transfers to Affiliates of Synchronously Moving Partners

Cited by 93 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Interpersonal Movement Synchrony on Infant Helping Behaviors

Effects of Interpersonal Movement Synchrony on Infant Helping Behaviors

Body sway reflects leadership in joint music performance

Music: The Journey from Neural Entertainment to Therapy

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