Social-Economic Environments and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis for Two Nationwide Datasets in Taiwan

Hu, Susan C.; Tsai, Yu Hsuan; Li, Der-Chiang; Hsu, Wan Chen; Huang, Naibao

doi:10.3390/ijerph18147487

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the effect of these factors was different according to gender and age group. Economic environments were critical for men and young adults aged 20–44, while social environments were significant for women and middle-aged and older adults [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting major depression in Iran: a mixed-method study

Hosseinzadeh-Shanjani,

Khodayari-Zarnaq,

Khosravi

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

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Depression is a major cause of disability and, if left untreated, can increase the risk of suicide. Evidence on the determinants of depression is incomplete, making it challenging to interpret results across studies. This study aims to identify the social, economic, environmental, political, and technological factors influencing the great recession in Iran. The study was conducted in two parts. The first step involved a literature review to identify the factors, using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for the search. The reference lists of all identified articles were reviewed to find relevant studies, and the extracted information was summarized and reported descriptively. The second steps involved compiling and consulting 14 experts from different fields, using a framework analysis method. Twenty-four articles were used as primary sources of information, and a total of 28 factors were found to exist. After removing duplicates and related factors, 19 of these were subsequently declared as factors, resulting in a total of 36 determinants being identified. Most of these factors belong to the social category. The health policies implemented have a significant impact on disease risk factors and ultimately their occurrence. Political decisions and policy-making processes play a crucial role in all areas, particularly in addressing disease risk factors. Severe depression can disrupt all aspects of the healthcare system, underscoring the importance of access to care. Policies concerning physical education, transportation, nutrition, employment, green spaces, recreational facilities, and tobacco are vital in this context. The influence of health policies on disease risk factors and disease occurrence is profound. Severe depression can have far-reaching effects on the healthcare system, emphasizing the critical need for access to care. The formulation of policies to combat depression must be thoroughly evaluated in terms of economic, political, social, technological, and environmental factors. The findings suggest that addressing social inequalities and emphasizing the role of political action, as highlighted by the social determinants of health, should be top priorities in addressing depression. Efforts to prevent depression should incorporate ecological approaches that consider the impact of the socioeconomic environment on depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting major depression in Iran: a mixed-method study

Hosseinzadeh-Shanjani,

Khodayari-Zarnaq,

Khosravi

et al. 2024

J Health Popul Nutr

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“…Its onset ranges from mid-adolescence to middle age [1], and there is an increasing trend of depression internationally in the college student population [2]. In Taiwan, 15.1% of a community sample reported depressive symptoms, with younger age (those in an age group of 20 to 44) being a variable significantly related to a higher depression rate [3]. Apart from psychiatric and psychological interventions as treatments, systematic review and meta-analysis has revealed the effects of nature-based interventions on mental health [4], depression, and anxiety [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive-Emotional Benefits of Weekly Exposure to Nature: A Taiwanese Study on Young Adults

Yeung

2022

Sustainability

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Empirical evidence of nature’s benefits to cognitive and emotional well-being is emerging. In this study, 48 Taiwanese young adults (24 indoors and 24 outdoors in urban greenspace) completed four weekly 45 min exposure sessions. The study explores whether the outdoor group surpasses the indoor group in cognitive and emotional well-being and nature connectedness. There were no significant differences for the indoor group across different measurements of rumination and connectedness to nature. However, the outdoor group displayed a significant reduction in rumination post-test compared to the one week prior and the first session. Similarly, for sessions two, three, and four and one month post-test, the outdoor group’s connectedness to nature was significantly higher than pre-test. Specific autobiographical memory was enhanced while overgeneral autobiographic memory was reduced during the third and fourth sessions, though these changes were not sustained at one-month follow-up. Surprisingly, both groups yielded similar results in decreased depression, anxiety, and stress. A significantly higher number of outdoor group participants had employed nature exposure for coping with stress or emotions after the program. We discuss the implications of this for counseling services for young adults and highlight future research possibilities, including formulating a nature-exposure protocol and a program evaluation for consolidating evidence-based nature prescription.

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