Social, Economic, and Biologic Correlates of Infant Mortality in City Neighborhoods

Use of Public Health Nursing Services: Relationship to Adequacy of Prenatal Care and Infant Outcome

“…Research has shown a higher incidence of infant morbidity in single mothers (Taffel, 1990), black mothers (Leland, Petersen, Braddock, & Alexander, 1995;Geronimus, 1987;Ingram, Makuc, & Kleinman, 1986;Kleinman, 1990;Taffel, 1990), low-income mothers (Brook, 1980;MacMahon, 1982;Stockwell, Swanson, & Wicks, 1988;Taffel, 1990), and high school dropouts (Kappelman, Khan, Washington, Stine, & Cornblath, 1974;Taffel, 1990). Maternal education has also been found to be related positively to MD prenatal care (Schaefer & Hughes, 1976;Taffel, 1990).…”

A prospective longitudinal study of social, psychological and obstetric factors in pregnancy: response rates and demographic characteristics of the 8556 respondents

“…It is probable that a significant proportion of the remaining obstetric morbidity is related to the social and psychological background and lifestyle of pregnant women. These factors include socio-demographic characteristics of the woman (Dott & Fort 1975;Brennan & Lancashire 1978;Eisner et al 1979;Hendershot 1979;Brooks 1980;Osbourne etal. 1981;Robinson et al 1982;Naeye & Peters 1982;Carr-Hill et al 1983;Murphy et al 1984;Ericson et al 1984), her attitude to the pregnancy (Newton & Newton 1962;Heinstein 1967;Pohlman 1969;Laukaran & van den Berg 1980), her mental health state (Gunter 1963;Nuckolls et al 1972;Jones 1978;Standley et al 1979;Newton et al 1979), and such behavioural factors as cigarette smoking (Meyer et al 1976;Rantakallio 1979;Harlap & Shiono 1980), alcohol consumption (Jones et al 1974;Hanson et al 1976;Ouellette et al 1977;Olegsard et al 1979;Harlap & Shiono 1980;Kline et al 1980;English & Bower 1983), analgesic use (Turner & Collins 1975) or the decision to work during pregnancy (Waldron et al 1982;Chamberlain & Garcia 1983;Saurel & Kaminski 1983;Mamelle et al 1984).…”

Small Area Variation in Low Birthweight: Looking Beyond Socioeconomic Predictors

“…For each CTC, we calculated the low birthweight rate and rates for the following socioeconomic factors: low income, low education, unemployment, immigrants, unwed mothers and teen mothers. These factors were considered important ecologic predictors of low birthweight rates [6][7][8][9] and were readily accessible through routinely collected government data.…”

“…2 Further, socioeconomic factors have been shown to play a major role in explaining inter-area variations in low birthweight rates. [6][7][8] In short, the low birthweight rate is a good indicator of the maternal and infant health of a population and can be largely explained by an area's socioeconomic characteristics.…”