Social dominance and individual aggressiveness

Blanchard, Robert J.; Hori, Kevin; Tom, Paul; Blanchard, D. Caroline

doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1988)14:3<195::aid-ab2480140305>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 65 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Play fighting and actual aggressive behavior are often difficult to distinguish in this species (70,114,115). Unlike mice, the intruder rat often does not elicit increased fighting among colony members (116,117). In the case of colonies composed of individuals younger than 150 days of age, all males participate with the same role in the attack directed at the intruder (115).…”

Section: Adult Aggressive and Sexual Patternssupporting

confidence: 85%

Appropriate end points for the characterization of behavioral changes in developmental toxicology.

Cuomo

Salvia

Petruzzi

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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The present paper is devoted to second-and higher-tier test methods for the characterization of behavioral changes produced in rodents by exposure to noxious agents during development. The paper analyzes a series of end points that are informative about specific processes and underlying regulatory mechanisms but require greater technical sophistication and larger investments than first-tier end points. This applies to ultrasonic emissions in successive postnatal periods; to mother-pup interactions, including appropriate cross-fostering controls; to social (including sexual) interaction tests from the infantile to the young adult stage; and to a variety of conditioning and learning tests using both positive and negative reinforcement. Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl 2): 307-315 (1996)

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Section: Adult Aggressive and Sexual Patternssupporting

confidence: 85%

Appropriate end points for the characterization of behavioral changes in developmental toxicology.

Cuomo

Salvia

Petruzzi

et al. 1996

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Conversely, juvenile male mice, but not adults, housed with novel conspecifics, a situation that is considered to facilitate social interaction during the juvenile stage, showed an increase in exploratory tendencies and aggressiveness in adulthood compared to male counterparts housed with littermates [Bartolomucci et al, 2004]. The underlying mechanism of these typical ontogenetic propensities may be associated with the activation of proactive defensive styles including defensive burying, because the proactive defensive style is characterized by an approach and controlling tendency to a potential threat [Blanchard et al, 1988;Koolhaas et al, 1999]. Indeed, male adult rats isolated during the juvenile stage maintained a lower propensity for exploration in an open field [Arakawa, 2003[Arakawa, , 2006, regardless of whether they were housed in isolation or pairs in adulthood [Arakawa, 2005b].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ontogeny of sex differences in defensive burying behavior in rats: effect of social isolation

Arakawa

2006

Aggressive Behavior

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The aim of the present experiments was to clarify sex differences in socio-developmental factors that affected defense behavior in rats. Sex differences in the defensive burying behavior of rats, and related social factors, were explored in three developmental stages: juvenile, puberty, and adult; 30, 50, and 80 days of age, respectively. The duration of burying, digging into bedding material, stretch-attend postures, and crouch/freezing were measured in a shock-prod test. For males, the duration of burying was longer in the juvenile and pubertal stages than in adulthood. For females, no age differences in the duration of burying were found. Males showed longer burying durations than females in both the juvenile and pubertal stages. For both sexes, the highest duration of digging was found in the juvenile stage, and females showed longer durations of digging than males. Both male and female rats isolated during the juvenile stage, from 26 to 40 days of age, showed smaller durations of burying behavior compared to pair-reared rats. This effect of juvenile isolation was maintained among both adult males and females even when they were returned to pair rearing after isolation. Isolation during adulthood, from 66 to 80 days of age, increased burying behavior in males, but decreased it in females. The durations of digging, stretch-attend postures, and crouch/freezing were not affected by isolation. The decrease in defensive burying and its increase resulting from isolation in adult male rats, suggest that the emergence of adult-like social relationships in males suppressed the duration of burying. Male and female rats isolated during the juvenile stage maintained lower levels of burying, suggesting that social experience as juveniles is important for the emergence of defensive burying behavior.

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“…mammals, Mass et al, 2009;reptiles, Ancona et al, 2010;and birds Steele et al, 2007), mate-guarding also had a positive effect on male-male aggressions. We did not measure injuries systematically in our study animals, but aggression is known to inherently increase the risk of injury in vertebrates (Blanchard et al, 1988;Clutton-Brock et al, 1979;Drews, 1996). In line with our prediction, we show that in long-tailed macaques, a capital breeder species with a low degree of female cycle synchrony (Engelhardt et al, 2006), males are more likely to engage in male-male aggressions during mate-guarding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, in vertebrates, mate-guarding behavior is often associated with an increase in aggression rate and/or in time devoted to agonistic interactions (e.g. lemurs, Mass et al, 2009;lizards, Ancona et al, 2010;and birds Steele et al, 2007) and such interactions involve, by nature, a risk of physical injuries (Blanchard et al, 1988;Clutton-Brock et al, 1979;Drews, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs of mate-guarding in wild male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis): Physiological stress and aggression

Girard‐Buttoz

Heistermann

Rahmi

et al. 2014

Hormones and Behavior

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Mate-guarding is an important determinant of male reproductive success in a number of species. However, it is known to potentially incur costs. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of mate-guarding on male physiological stress and aggression in long-tailed macaques, a species in which males mate-guard females to a lesser extent than predicted by the Priority of Access model (PoA). The study was carried out during two mating periods on three groups of wild long-tailed macaques in Indonesia by combining behavioral observations with non-invasive measurements of fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) levels. Mate-guarding was associated with a general rise in male stress hormone levels but, from a certain threshold of mate-guarding onwards, increased vigilance time was associated with a decrease in stress hormone output. Mate-guarding also increased male-male aggression rate and male vigilance time. Overall, alpha males were more physiologically stressed than other males independently of mating competition. Increased glucocorticoid levels during mate-guarding are most likely adaptive since it may help males to mobilize extra-energy required for mate-guarding and ultimately maintain a balanced energetic status. However, repeated exposure to high levels of stress over an extended period is potentially deleterious to the immune system and thus may carry costs. This potential physiological cost together with the cost of increased aggression mate-guarding male face may limit the male's ability to mate-guard females, explaining the deviance from the PoA model observed in long-tailed macaques. Comparing our results to previous findings we discuss how ecological factors, reproductive seasonality and rank achievement may modulate the extent to which costs of mate-guarding limit male monopolization abilities.

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Social dominance and individual aggressiveness

Cited by 65 publications

References 10 publications

Appropriate end points for the characterization of behavioral changes in developmental toxicology.

Appropriate end points for the characterization of behavioral changes in developmental toxicology.

Ontogeny of sex differences in defensive burying behavior in rats: effect of social isolation

Costs of mate-guarding in wild male long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis): Physiological stress and aggression

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