Social disadvantage, economic inequality, and life expectancy in nine Indian states

Vyas, Sangita; Hathi, Payal; Gupta, Aashish

doi:10.1073/pnas.2109226119

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…31 Hence, there is every possibility that COVID-19 deaths are underreported out of proportion among those with the slightest chance of getting tested, getting timely treatment, and, if expired, the most chance of not getting reported. 32,33…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess COVID-19 Mortality in India: An Estimation Using the Published Death Rate by the Civil Registration System

Hariharan¹,

Anish

2023

Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background An unbiased estimate of the COVID-19 deaths is essential to compare and contrast the public health actions adopted by governments from time to time. It also helps them in their policy-making in the future. But unfortunately, there is gross underreporting of COVID-19 deaths across the world, and also from India, as reported by many researchers, which can be estimated by modelling exercises only. Methods In this article, we estimated the number of COVID-19 deaths among the Indian states using a time series analysis approach with the mortality data published by the civil registration system since 2011. We excluded the trend in non-COVID mortality due to the prevailing causes to prevent it from being counted erroneously as due to COVID-19. Results Accordingly, the number of COVID-19 deaths in India is estimated as 25.8 lakh (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.1L, 35.4L), with Bihar being the largest under-reporter of COVID-19 mortality (98.4% [95% CI: 98.0, 98.7] deaths not reported). On the contrary, there are states with zero underreporting (Kerala, Goa, Mizoram, Sikkim, and all the union territories). We also found out that the measures of social and economic development, like the multidimensional poverty index, infant mortality, literacy rate, per capita state domestic product, and the NITI Aayog Health Index, are significantly correlated to the proportion of underreporting. Discussion and Conclusion The underreporting of COVID-19 deaths in India is very much linked to its social and economic development. There is intentional nonreporting of the deaths of children, women, and the poor for a much longer period of time. Poor quality of data-grabbing mechanisms, the social stigma associated with the disease, inadequate testing of the population, the inefficiency of the administration, and omission of the socially and economically vulnerable groups had intensified the scenario.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess COVID-19 Mortality in India: An Estimation Using the Published Death Rate by the Civil Registration System

Hariharan¹,

Anish

2023

Indian Journal of Clinical Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, our study has revealed a significantly lower mortality risk among older adults belonging to the General and OBC caste compared to SC/ST caste but a higher mortality risk among Muslims than Hindus. Though SC/ST and Muslims are considered as marginalized social groups in India and they are socio-economically poorer (Desai, 2010;Thorat & Newman, 2010;Vyas et al, 2022), they also have lower life expectancies (Kumari & Mohanty, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional mortality variations among older adults in India: Evidence from Demographic Health Survey

Akhtar

Saikia

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Studies on regional mortality variations among older adults in India are poorly documented. Therefore, we intend to estimate the impact of individual and district level determinants on regional mortality variations among the older adults in India. Additionally, we have performed decomposition analysis to evaluate the contribution of socioeconomic and demographic factors in the inter-regional mortality variations among older adults in India. Methods: We performed a two-level logistic regression model using data from Demographic Health Survey (2015-16) for India to quantify the impact of socio-demographic and ecomonic characteristics. We have also analyzed multivariate decomposition approach to determine the role of determinants in regional mortality variations among older adults. Results: The multilevel analyses results revealed that regional mortality variations exist at both individual and district levels among older adults in India. Our finding identified that older adults living in the Central region have a higher mortality risk than in Northern regions. The decomposition results showed that the Central, Eastern and North-eastern regions have significantly higher average number of excess mortality compared to other regions among older adults. The district-level literacy, insurance coverage, electricity supply and public health facilities also showed a significant impact on district level mortality among older adults in India. Conclusion: Our study insights extremely important determinants for India′s public health. In order to eliminate these mortality gaps, there is a need for solid support from the state and central government to bridge the socio-demographic and economic development in India at the regional level. As a result, policy should include efforts to improve health outcomes among older adults at early stages. Keywords: Old-age mortality; regional variations; decomposition; DHS

show abstract

“…India is one of the world's most hierarchical societies where health and social disadvantage are inextricably connected (Vyas et al, 2022). However, in today's India, concerns about the mortality and health of India's underprivileged social groups are still pressing and recent studies have highlighted that SC & ST have much shorter life expectancies than the upper caste (general caste) and these enormous differences have lasted nearly for two decades, from…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1997 to 2016 (Gupta & Sudharsanan, 2022;Vyas et al, 2022). They have also indicated that mortality disparities in India are not just a childhood phenomenon, but are also increasing more and more problems among older populations too (Gupta & Sudharsanan, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic and demographic determinants of all-cause, main-cause and sub-cause mortality among 45+ adults: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India

Akhtar

Saikia

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Studies on cause-specific mortality among 45+ adults remain unknown in Indian settings. However, understanding the epidemiology of this public health problem can guide policy development for premature and old-age mortality prevention. Therefore, we intend to examine the socio-economic and demographic determinants of all-cause, main-cause and sub-cause mortality among 45+ adults in India. Methods: We adopted the cross-sectional data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI-wave-I) conducted in 2017-18. We performed descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Females, young-old, middle-old, oldest-old showed lower odds of all-cause, main-cause and sub-cause mortality than males and middle-aged adults. Central region showed significantly greater odds of all-cause mortality risks than Northern region. Christians have lower odds of all-cause mortality risk than Hindus. With the increase in household income, the odds of NCD-related mortality risks also increase. Central (OR=1.54; p<0.01), Eastern (OR=1.28; p<0.01) and Western regions (OR=1.18; p<0.1) have greater odds of non-NCD-related mortality-risks than Northern regions. Urban residence (OR=01.34; p<0.05) has significantly higher odds of CVD-related mortality-risk than rural residence. OBC (OR=0.59; p<0.01) has lower odds of cancer-related mortality risks than general caste. North-eastern region (OR=2.00; p<0.01) has significantly greater odds of diabetes-related mortality risks. Conclusions: The premature and old-age mortality components would help formulate and execute integrated interventions aimed at specific age groups and causes-specific mortality. Medical care, pollution management, environmental control, more involvement in physical activity and a healthy lifestyle could assist in lowering the CVD, cancer & diabetes-related mortality. A new strategy is needed to avoid future deaths and burdens from ageing-related CVD. Keywords: Cause-specific mortality, NCDs-related mortality; CVD; cancer; diabetes; older adults

show abstract

Social disadvantage, economic inequality, and life expectancy in nine Indian states

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Excess COVID-19 Mortality in India: An Estimation Using the Published Death Rate by the Civil Registration System

Excess COVID-19 Mortality in India: An Estimation Using the Published Death Rate by the Civil Registration System

Regional mortality variations among older adults in India: Evidence from Demographic Health Survey

Socio-economic and demographic determinants of all-cause, main-cause and sub-cause mortality among 45+ adults: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About