Social Determinants of Cancer Disparities

Syrnioti, Georgia; Eden, Claire M.; Johnson, Josh A.; Alston, Chase; Syrnioti, Antonia; Newman, Lisa A.

doi:10.1245/s10434-023-14200-0

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…[17][18][19][20][21][22] Cancer disparities arise from a complex multifactorial interplay of molecular factors and the social determinants of health. [44][45][46] Molecular changes at the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels are caused by (1) social determinants, such as exposure to mutagens, and lifestyle choices like diet and exercise and (2) natural variations linked to ethnicity-based genetic predispositions and differences in gene expression caused at different levels. [44][45][46] To comprehend ethnic disparities in cancer, it is crucial to first understand the genetic diversity that exists among human populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[44][45][46] Molecular changes at the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels are caused by (1) social determinants, such as exposure to mutagens, and lifestyle choices like diet and exercise and (2) natural variations linked to ethnicity-based genetic predispositions and differences in gene expression caused at different levels. [44][45][46] To comprehend ethnic disparities in cancer, it is crucial to first understand the genetic diversity that exists among human populations. In that respect, major initiatives are laying a strong foundation for studying human genetic variation, potentially explaining the differences in cancer outcomes across racial and ethnic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Equitable Precision Oncology: Monitoring Racial and Ethnic Inclusion in Genomics and Clinical Trials

García-Cárdenas,

Indacochea,

Pesantez-Coronel

et al. 2024

JCO Precis Oncol

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PURPOSE Ethnic diversity in cancer research is crucial as race/ethnicity influences cancer incidence, survival, drug response, molecular pathways, and epigenetic phenomena. In 2018, we began a project to examine racial/ethnic diversity in cancer research, with a commitment to review these disparities every 4 years. This report is our second assessment, detailing the present state of racial/ethnic diversity in cancer genomics and clinical trials. METHODS To study racial/ethnic inclusion in cancer genomics, we extracted ethnic records from all data sets available at cBioPortal (n = 125,128 patients) and cancer-related genome-wide association studies (n = 28,011,282 patients) between 2018 and 2022. Concerning clinical trials, we selected studies related to breast cancer (n = 125,518 patients, 181 studies), lung cancer (n = 34,329 patients, 119 studies), and colorectal cancer (n = 40,808 patients, 105 studies). RESULTS In cancer genomics (N = 28,136,410), 3% of individuals lack racial/ethnic registries; tumor samples were collected predominantly from White patients (89.14%), followed by Asian (7%), African American (0.55%), and Hispanic (0.21%) patients and other populations (0.1%). In clinical trials (N = 200,655), data on race/ethnicity are missing for 60.14% of the participants; for individuals whose race/ethnicity was recorded, most were characterized as White (28.33%), followed by Asian (7.64%), African (1.79), other ethnicities (1.37), and Hispanic (0.73). Racial/ethnic representation significantly deviates from global ethnic proportions ( P ≤ .001) across all data sets, with White patients outnumbering other ethnic groups by a factor of approximately 4-6. CONCLUSION Our second update on racial/ethnic representation in cancer research highlights the persistent overrepresentation of White populations in cancer genomics and a notable absence of racial/ethnic information across clinical trials. To ensure more equitable and effective precision oncology, future efforts should address the reasons behind the insufficient representation of ethnically diverse populations in cancer research.

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