Social dating goals in late adolescence: Implications for safer sexual activity.

Sanderson, Catherine A.; Cantor, Nancy

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.6.1121

Cited by 96 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This multivariate approach extends to interventions to reduce risk or increase selfprotection. Sanderson and Cantor (1995), for example, found that educational interventions regarding use of condoms to promote safer sex that emphasized differing social dating goals (intimacy versus identity) were most effective for those individuals whose goals matched the message.…”

Section: Personal Goals and Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Nurius

2000

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Beliefs that people hold about sources of harm and their personal susceptibility to harm have been shown to play an important role in their subsequent self-protection. With respect to acquaintance sexual aggression, women generally report low levels of perceived personal risk and, thus, low level preparedness to prevent or protect against this form of threat. In order to develop effective resistance efforts, a more complete understanding is needed of factors that shape perception of risk and how these factors are likely to influence-both positively and negatively-women's risk reduction and self-protection. This article addresses this need by reviewing recent literature on risk perception and identifying relevant applications of theory and findings to women's perception of risk for acquaintance sexual aggression. KeywordsAcquaintance sexual aggression; risk perception; social cognition Distinctions between risk perception at the population and individual levels are easily blurred, which has a bearing on whether risk data are properly interpreted, whether conceptual models are appropriate, and whether intervention and policy strategies are likely to be effective. This article focuses on individual level perception, the special challenges of perceiving personal risk of acquaintance assault within the contexts of heterosexual dating and socializing, and a social cognitive analysis of factors most likely to influence risk perception. Although women are particularly vulnerable to being blamed for assaults on them that occur in heterosexual social contexts, it must be noted that acquaintance sexual aggression is by no means limited to social situations or social relationships, that acquaintance sexual aggression also occurs between same sex individuals, and that actual prevention entails cessation of the perpetration of aggression. Focus on risk perception entails the danger of shifting responsibility of aggressive male perpetrators' behavior onto women victims. Rather than personal inadequacies or failings, the factors discussed here are normative phenomena typical of human perception in general and have been demonstrated to affect health and safety in other domains. Thus, appropriately applied, attention to

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Section: Personal Goals and Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Nurius

2000

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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“…In effect, this approach addresses only situations in which one motivation operates at a time. Other research has similarly focused on motives in isolation, either identifying a particular motivational goal as primary for an individual (e.g., Omoto et al, 2000;Sanderson & Cantor, 1995) or measuring several motivations for each individual (e.g., Clary et al, 1998;Omoto & Snyder, 1995), but still separately assessing the effects of individual motivations on outcomes. Another way of stating this distinction is that existing research has explored differences in the overall amount of a given motivation but has not examined another potentially important feature-differences in the number of conceptually distinct motivations one has for an activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many of a Good Thing? The Effects of Multiple Motivations on Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, and Satisfaction

Kiviniemi

Snyder

Omoto

2002

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Individuals engage in behaviors to satisfy motivations and can engage in the same behavior to satisfy a variety of different motivations. Previous research has examined how differences in the overall amount of motivation infl uence outcomes but has not addressed how differences in the number of conceptually distinct motivations one has for a particular action infl uence outcomes. In two longitudinal fi eld studies, individuals with more than one motivation for volunteering experienced greater negative outcomes than did those who volunteered to satisfy a single motivation. A laboratory study manipulated the number of motivations individuals had for engaging in a volunteer activity. Individuals with two motivations reported greater negative outcomes than did those with one motivation. The importance of these fi ndings for understanding the linkages of motivation and action in self-regulated behaviors is discussed.Consider the following scenarios: First, consider the situation of a middle-age adult returning to college to earn an undergraduate degree. She is returning to the university to gain skills to advance her career. At the same time, she feels good about herself when she is learning and wants to enhance that feeling, and she is further guided by her belief in the inherent value of educational endeavors. Next, consider a teenager doing volunteer work at a local elementary school. Her guidance counselor suggested that volunteer service would look good on college applications. In addition, it enables her to feel she is giving something back to her community and it gives her an opportunity to spend time with friends who also volunteer.These scenarios share two common themes. First, each person is engaging in an activity to satisfy personal needs and desires. Second, each individual is engaging in the activity in the service of not one but multiple motivations. We will address each of these common themes, beginning with the motivated nature of the activities, because that is the theme that has received the largest share of previous research attention. We will then turn to the second theme, the multiply motivated nature of the activities, which is the focus of this article. Individuals seek to fulfi ll personal motivational needs by selecting and engaging in behaviors that they believe will enable them to satisfy their needs, and the motives guiding individuals in a particular situation play a signifi cant role in organizing their ongoing behavior (Cantor, Authors' Note: This research and the preparation of this article were supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health to Mark Snyder and Allen M. Omoto. Marc T. Kiviniemi was supported by a University of Minnesota Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship and by a University of Nebraska-Lincoln Faculty Fellowship during the preparation of this article. The assistance of Stephen A. Asche and A. Lauren Crain in the collection of data for Studies 1 and 2 and of Alyssa Clevinger, Katherine Nelson, and Zachary Remus for Study 3 data collection is gratefully a...

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“…Young adults are encouraged to form monogamous dating relationships and to become self-reliant and independent from their family (Sanderson & Cantor, 1995 After making a long term commitment in an intimate romantic relationship, most Americans choose to cohabit with their romantic partner prior to marriage. Estimates are as high as 70% of all couples cohabitating prior to marriage (Hsueh, Morrison, & Doss, 2009;Rhoades, Stanley, & Markman, 2009).…”

Section: Marriage and Family Relationships In The Us And Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communal Strength Norms in the United States and Egypt

Pataki

Fathelbab

Clark

et al. 2013

IJPR

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Two studies investigated norms related to communal strength in the United States and Egypt. Communal strength reflects the extent to which individuals feel responsible for meeting the needs of relationship partners, varies between relationships, and predicts caregiving. Participants indicated the communal strength marital partners should feel towards their spouse, mother, and best friend. In the United States, women reported wives should feel the most communal strength towards their husbands and mothers, but husbands should feel more towards their wives than mothers or best friends. American men reported both spouses should feel the highest communal strength towards their spouses and mothers. In Egypt, men and women agreed that wives should have the highest communal strength for their husbands and mothers, but husbands should have higher communal strength for their mothers than their wives or best friends. These findings reflect cultural variation in the perception of ideal communal strength following marriage, and highlight the ways in which expectations related to caregiving may differ between spouses.

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Social dating goals in late adolescence: Implications for safer sexual activity.

Cited by 96 publications

References 37 publications

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Risk perception for acquaintance sexual aggression

Too Many of a Good Thing? The Effects of Multiple Motivations on Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, and Satisfaction

Communal Strength Norms in the United States and Egypt

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