Social Conformity and Response Bias Revisited: The Influence of "Others" on Japanese Respondents

Kondo, Chisuzu; Saito, C.; Deguchi, Ayaka; Hirayama, Makoto; Acar, Adam

doi:10.2478/v10023-010-0036-6

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…That is, identities seem to be equally influential for intentions and behaviours, suggesting that there is no obvious intention-behaviour gap (Kollmuss & Agyeman, 2002). A reason for this finding might be that certain psychological biases, including social desirability and conformity, may have equally affected intention and behavioural measures (Kondo, Saito, Deguchi, Hirayama, & Acar, 2010). Social desirability is where individuals carry out a behaviour based on what they think other individuals expect of them.…”

Section: Assumptions 2a-c: Multiple Identity Relationships With Pebmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do I see myself? A systematic review of identities in pro‐environmental behaviour research

Udall¹,

Groot

Jong

et al. 2020

J of Consumer Behaviour

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Encouraging pro‐environmental behaviour (PEB) is an environmental and societal concern. Encouraging PEB focussing on how consumers see themselves (their identity) has blossomed. However, a theoretical assessment of this research is missing. Three main identity theories seem to best explain the research, specifically, and two‐fold, identity, and social identity theory (SIT), collectively known as the unified identity theory (UIT), and place identity theory (PIT). As these theories overlap more than differ in their understanding of identity, we argue that combining these theories is needed to avoid redundancies in identity theorizing, provide a universal approach to identity in terms of the processes and outcomes, and explain the PEB research most succinctly. Therefore, we understand identity similarly between the theories and offer a universal identity theory approach based on the theoretical definitions and assumptions. Finally, we demonstrate how the theory can be used to explain the research. Next, research was identified by conducting a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, where 62 studies were relevant. Multiple identities relevant for a given PEB are assumed and evidenced: 99. Identities are assumed to be either individually‐, group‐, and/or place‐focused, drawing on the specific subsets of the universal theory: identity theory, social identity theory, and place identity theory, respectively. Identities are assumed to relate to behaviour, where identity increased PEB with medium effect sizes. Finally, to move the field forward, we provide a theoretical framework of how to test identities in relation to other psychological variables relevant for PEB research.

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Section: Assumptions 2a-c: Multiple Identity Relationships With Pebmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do I see myself? A systematic review of identities in pro‐environmental behaviour research

Udall¹,

Groot

Jong

et al. 2020

J of Consumer Behaviour

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“…A potential alternative explanation for the discrepancy is a response bias specific to Japanese individuals. Kondo, Saito, Deguchi, Hirayama, and Acar ( 2010 ) found that Japanese individuals tend to answer in the same way as the majority even when the majority’s answer is not socially acceptable. In other words, the study indicated that Japanese people are prone to social desirability bias by following the majority’s opinion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the study indicated that Japanese people are prone to social desirability bias by following the majority’s opinion. Based on Kondo et al’s ( 2010 ) findings, in the coldness condition, participants might have reported feeling cold during the synchronous condition more than during the asynchronous condition in order to please the experimenters, even if they did not actually feel cold. Can this bias explain the discrepancy?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust and the rubber hand illusion: a registered replication report of Jalal, Krishnakumar, and Ramachandran (2015)

et al. 2018

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Heightened experience of disgust is a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly contamination-related OCD (C-OCD). Previous studies of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) reported that the sense of body ownership is related to the interaction between vision, touch, and proprioception. One recent study demonstrated a link between the RHI and disgust, suggesting that there is an interaction between these three perceptual modalities and disgust (Jalal et al., PLOS ONE 10:e0139159, 2015). However, there have been no direct replications of this initial study. We therefore performed a direct replication of Jalal et al.’s (PLOS ONE 10:e0139159, 2015) study. We examined 133 participants (based on a power analysis) to determine whether placing contamination-related stimuli on a rubber hand causes OCD-like disgust among healthy participants experiencing the RHI. That is, we tested whether Japanese participants experience more intense disgust when the rubber hand and the participant’s hidden hand are stroked synchronously than when stroked asynchronously, in order to replicate and examine the cross-cultural validity of this effect. The main finding of the original study by Jalal and colleagues was successfully replicated in a large sample. Some inconsistencies in one of the control procedures exploring coldness sensations during the RHI were found, which could possibly be due to cross-cultural differences or the improved statistical power of the present study. Based on the present replication study, we conclude that an intervention using the RHI as proposed by Jalal et al. (PLOS ONE 10:e0139159, 2015) might potentially be useful for the treatment of OCD following replications in clinical OCD populations.Preregistration details: This study was preregistered with Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. The Authors’ protocol received in-principle acceptance on 31 March 2017. The preregistered protocol is available here: 10.6084/m9.figshare.6217295.

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“…Such conformity is thought to be encouraged by informal social sanctions or rewards that are frequently related to emotions such as shame and pride (Goffman 1967;Scheff 1988). The impact of these social sanctions is, therefore, different from culture to culture, and studies have found evidence of such desirability effects that reflect the norms of different settings (Zerbe and Paulhus 1987;Neto 1995;Kondo et al 2010). The impact of these social sanctions is, therefore, different from culture to culture, and studies have found evidence of such desirability effects that reflect the norms of different settings (Zerbe and Paulhus 1987;Neto 1995;Kondo et al 2010).…”

Section: Interviewer Effects and Social Desirability Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

Blaydes

Gillum

2013

Politics and Religion

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While public opinion research has expanded rapidly in the Islamic world since 2001, little scholarly work has examined interviewer effects related to an enumerator's religious adherence. We find that the perceived religiosity of an interviewer impacts respondents' expressions of personal piety and adherence to Islamic cultural norms in a sample of approximately 1,200 women in Greater Cairo. Muslim women indicate that they are more religious and adherent to Islamic cultural norms when interviewed by an enumerator donning the Islamic headscarf. Conversely, members of Egypt's minority Coptic Christian community report that they are less adherent to Christianity when interviewed by a veiled enumerator. Through psychological processes of strategic self-presentation of identity and impression management, the veil may trigger Muslim respondents to express what they perceive to be socially desirable (i.e., more devout) responses; in contemporary Egypt, being perceived as pious may elicit social and economic benefits. Christians appear to deemphasize their religious identity to avoid appearing at odds with the dominant, Muslim majority to which the enumerator appears to belong. Younger, poorer and less educated womenwho may be most susceptible to concerns about social desirabilityshow the largest effects.

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Social Conformity and Response Bias Revisited: The Influence of "Others" on Japanese Respondents

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

How do I see myself? A systematic review of identities in pro‐environmental behaviour research

How do I see myself? A systematic review of identities in pro‐environmental behaviour research

Disgust and the rubber hand illusion: a registered replication report of Jalal, Krishnakumar, and Ramachandran (2015)

Religiosity-of-Interviewer Effects: Assessing the Impact of Veiled Enumerators on Survey Response in Egypt

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