A B S T R A C T . Beyond the repression of the national waves of food rioting during the subsistence crises of the s, workers in the English countryside lost the will and ability to mobilize. Or so the historical orthodoxy goes. Such a conceptualization necessarily positions the 'Bread or Blood' riots of , the Swing rising of , and, in particular, the agrarian trade unionism practised at Tolpuddle in as exceptional events. This article offers a departure by placing Tolpuddle into its wider regional context. The unionists at Tolpuddle, it is shown, were not making it up as they went along but instead acted in ways consistent with shared understandings and experiences of collective action and unionism practised throughout the English west. In so doing, it pays particular attention to the forms of collective action -and judicial responses -that extended between different locales and communities and which joined farmworkers, artisans, and industrial workers together. So conceived, Tolpuddle was not an exception. Rather, it can be more usefully understood as a manifestation of deeply entrenched cultures, an episode that assumes its historical potency because of its subsequent politicized representations.Beyond the machine breaking of the Luddites in -, arguably no act of protest in modern Britain, whatever the context, is so well known and notorious as the arrest, trial, and subsequent transportation in early of six agricultural labourers from the Dorset parish of Tolpuddle on the charge of having issued illegal oaths. 'For many years', as John Archer put it, 'it was believed that, with the exception of Swing and Tolpuddle, there were few rural events worth investigating'.