Social Cohesion and Transforming Cities: The Housing Experience of Displaced People in Turkey

Abstract

Karma nitelikli uluslararası göç ile hareket eden kişilerin kentsel alanlarda yaşamayı tercih etmesi, barınma deneyimleri açısından kentlerde farklı sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. 2011 yılından itibaren yoğun bir şekilde Suriye'den zorunlu göçle Türkiye'ye gelen kişilerin kentlerdeki varlığı, bu kişilerin barınma deneyimlerinin Türkiye özelinde incelenmesi gerekliliğini belirginleştirmiştir. Özellikle bu deneyimlerinin toplumsal bütünleşme ve sosyal uyum süreçlerine etkisine ilişkin çalışma ve uygulamaların bilimsel olarak değerlendirilmesinin önemi giderek artmıştır. Bu öneme karşın, Türkiye'de bu konuya ilişkin çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'ye zorunlu göçle gelenlerin barınma deneyimleri ile toplumsal bütünleşme ve sosyal uyum süreçleri arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek, bilimsel çalışmalardaki söz konusu eksikliği gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası yazın incelenerek birey merkezli bakış açısıyla konutun, toplumsal bütünleşme ve sosyal uyum bağlamında anlamı ve etkisi, özgün bir biçimde fiziksel, sosyo-psikolojik ve mekânsal boyut olmak üzere üç boyutla sınıflandırılmıştır. Türkiye'deki zorunlu göçle gelenlerin barınma deneyimini anlayabilmek ve açıklayabilmek için mekânsal ve sosyopsikolojik boyutlara ilişkin çalışmaların artması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.

The EU's effectiveness in the Eastern Mediterranean migration quandary: challenges to building societal resilience

“…Turkey gradually introduced limits on border crossings from Syria in the post 2018 period. 24 Jordan started receiving refugees with open borders, and due to a rapid influx in 2012 they opened the Zaatari Camp while most refugees preferred to stay in the cities. 25 Until 2014 refugees had access to all public services such as medical care and education, which were restricted afterwards, the borders were closed by June 2016, and most refugees were sent to camps in 2017.…”

“…In 2013, the Directorate General for Migration Management (DGMM) was established within the Ministry of Interior, and began to coordinate all programmes of international, local, and national actors in forced migration governance. 42 In all three countries, the EU had to pursue its programmes and policies within variable policy settings with shifting state and non-state actor policy networks, limited consistency of commitment to intra-regional collaboration, and different institutional capacities with significantly diverse needs.…”

“…This coordination programme facilitates the design and implementation of policies for inclusion of Syrian children in public schools, expansion of health care services through targeted interventions such as Migrant Health Centres, and integration of SuTP to working life. 59 Lebanon and Jordan, however, refrained from implementing any international protection policies including a prospect for integration. Lebanon hosted the forcibly displaced in settlements leading to marginalization and precluding any prospects for social cohesion.…”

Living as immigrant in Germany: an analysis of civil society organizations leaders’ perspectives

“…However, little is known about their experiences in Germany. Özçürümez and İçduygu (2020) base the migration experiences of Turks before 2013 on models. It draws attention to the fact that each model includes elements such as solidarity, coexistence, cultural and social issues, residence-citizenship and participation in public life.…”

“…The authors emphasize migration with the focus of protection and basic needs in policies within the scope of the Life Support-Focused Approach Model, which is related to the findings of our study. The topics of working life, health, education and accommodation discussed in the model can shed light on the basic needs of Turkish immigrants living in Germany (Özçürümez and İçduygu, 2020). In a systematic review, Lindert et al (2009) found increased rates of depression (44%), and anxiety (44%) only among compelled migrants; prevalence rates of labor migrants were in the range of German population samples (20% depression; 21% anxiety) (Lindert et al , 2009).…”