Social, Cognitive, and Emotional Predictors of Adherence to Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Gouin, Jean‐Philippe; MacNeil, Sasha; Switzer, A.; Carrese-Chacra, Emily; Durif, Fabien; Knaüper, Bärbel

doi:10.31234/osf.io/ksj52

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…These findings are in line with research from other countries. (23)(24)(25) Increased perceived social norms were also associated with adherence to lockdown measures. (23,26) Other factors identified by a recent rapid review of adherence to quarantine,( 9) such as lower perceived social pressure to adhere to measures and decreased perceived legal consequences of not following measures were also associated with non-adherence to lockdown measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…(23–25) Increased perceived social norms were also associated with adherence to lockdown measures. (23, 26) Other factors identified by a recent rapid review of adherence to quarantine,(9) such as lower perceived social pressure to adhere to measures and decreased perceived legal consequences of not following measures were also associated with non-adherence to lockdown measures. While perceiving greater negative financial consequences of Government measures was associated with non-adherence to lockdown measures, there was no longer evidence for an association after correcting for multiple adjustments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK; a cross-sectional survey

Smith

Amlôt

Lambert

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives: To investigate factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures due to COVID-19 in the UK. Design: Online cross-sectional survey. Setting: Data were collected between 6th and 7th May 2020. Participants: 2240 participants living in the UK aged 18 years or over. Participants were recruited from YouGov's online research panel. Main outcome measures: Having gone out in the last 24 hours in those who reported symptoms of COVID-19 in their household. Having gone out shopping for items other than groceries, toiletries or medicines (non-essentials), and total number of outings, in the last week in those who reported no symptoms of COVID-19 in their household. Results: 217 people (9.7%) reported that they or someone in their household had symptoms of COVID-19 (cough or high temperature / fever) in the last seven days. Of these people, 75.1% had left the home in the last 24 hours (defined as non-adherent). Factors associated with non-adherence were being male, less worried about COVID-19, and perceiving a smaller risk of catching COVID-19. Adherence was associated with having received help from someone outside your household. Results should be taken with caution as there was no evidence for associations when controlling for multiple analyses. Of people reporting no symptoms in the household, 24.5% had gone out shopping for non-essentials in the last week (defined as non-adherent). Factors associated with non-adherence and with a higher total number of outings in the last week included decreased perceived effectiveness of Government "lockdown" measures, decreased perceived severity of COVID-19, and decreased estimates of how many other people were following lockdown rules. Having received help was associated with better adherence. Conclusions: Adherence to self-isolation is poor. As we move into a new phase of contact tracing and self-isolation, it is essential that adherence is improved. Communications should aim to increase knowledge about actions to take when symptomatic or if you have been in contact with a possible COVID-19 case. They should also emphasise the risk of catching and spreading COVID-19 when out and about and the effectiveness of preventative measures. Using volunteer networks effectively to support people in isolation may promote adherence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK; a cross-sectional survey

Smith

Amlôt

Lambert

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This finding implies that those populations tend to protect themselves better against the disease or are more likely to be tested. While we cannot disentangle between the two causes, health behavior models, including the Health Belief Model 22 , and social cognitive theory 23,24 suggest that the combination of these causes is likely. Despite the inherent differences in risk perceptions between cultures worldwide, we believe that the behavioral patterns and the The full model's classification ability is only slightly better than that of the model considering the first three layers (i.e., excluding layer 4 -information collected during the testing episode).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A Multilayer Model for Early Detection of COVID-19

Shmueli

Mansuri

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Current efforts for COVID-19 screening mainly rely on reported symptoms and potential exposure to infected individuals. Here, we developed a machine-learning model for COVID-19 detection that utilizes four layers of information: 1) sociodemographic characteristics of the tested individual, 2) spatiotemporal patterns of the disease observed near the testing episode, 3) medical condition and general health consumption of the tested individual over the past five years, and 4) information reported by the tested individual during the testing episode. We evaluated our model on 140,682 members of Maccabi Health Services, tested for COVID-19 at least once between February and October 2020. These individuals had 264,516 COVID-19 PCR-tests, out of which 16,512 were found positive. Our multilayer model obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 81.6% when tested over all individuals, and of 72.8% when tested over individuals who did not report any symptom. Furthermore, considering only information collected before the testing episode – that is, before the individual may had the chance to report on any symptom – our model could reach a considerably high AUC of 79.5%. Namely, most of the value contributed by the testing episode can be gained by earlier information. Our ability to predict early the outcomes of COVID-19 tests is pivotal for breaking transmission chains, and can be utilized for a more efficient testing policy.

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“…However, evidence of the use of fear as a means in communication is inconsistent and often underlines a boomerang effect ( 35 , 36 ). Individuals might be more prone to respect the quarantine if the communication in time of crisis, such as during the COVID-19 period, stressed the risk of vulnerable people being infected by a virus ( 37 , 38 ), evoking the individual's empathic tendencies. In fact, some survey research shows that if a restriction of civil liberties (like quarantine and isolation) is oriented to protecting the health of the community and preventing deaths, people tend to accept it ( 39 , 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Empathy Disposition and Risk Perception on the Psychological Impact of Lockdown During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Outbreak

Grignoli

Petrocchi

Bernardi³

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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During the current COVID-19 pandemic, and especially in the absence of availability of an effective treatment or a vaccine, the main health measure is neither chemical nor biological, but behavioral. To reduce the exponential growth of infections due to the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting overburdening of the healthcare system, many European Countries, parts of the US and Switzerland gradually implemented measures of quarantine and isolation defined as lockdown. This consideration leads to the need to understand how individuals are motivated to protect themselves and others. Recent research suggested that prosocial mental dispositions, such as empathy, might promote adherence to social norms of distancing. Other research conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak indicates, however, that empathy levels might fluctuate according to anxiety linked to the risk of death, and this negatively predicted prosocial willingness. The present protocol proposes a study on whether people's empathic dispositions, interacting with the levels of risk, influence the psychological impact of lockdown. The rationale is that emphatic dispositions, encouraging the acceptance of the lockdown, determine a better psychological adaptation and less distress. One retrospective study will be developed in Switzerland and, if the pandemic conditions force a new wave of lockdown on the population, one prospective study as well. A total of 120 participants will be involved, distinguished by their level of objective risk: (1) high objective risk (COVID-19 positive patients, hospitalized in isolation in post-acute phase); (2) moderate objective risk (COVID-19 positive patients, isolated at home); (3) minimum objective risk (non-positive adults, in lockdown). Measures of perceived risk of being contagious for third parties, empathic dispositions and acceptance of lockdown will be collected. The expected results provide important answers related to the immediate impact of empathic dispositions, effective risk and risk perception on the psychological impact of lockdown during a pandemic outbreak. Data gathered from this study could inform policy makers and public health managers about the best communication strategies that will take into account the various stages of health risk and, in particular, to modulate messages to the population aimed at inducing self-isolation behaviors.

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Social, Cognitive, and Emotional Predictors of Adherence to Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 8 publications

References 132 publications

Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK; a cross-sectional survey

Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK; a cross-sectional survey

A Multilayer Model for Early Detection of COVID-19

Influence of Empathy Disposition and Risk Perception on the Psychological Impact of Lockdown During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Outbreak

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