Social Cognition and Responses to Survey Questions Among Culturally Diverse Populations

Johnson, Timothy P.; O'Rourke, Diane; Chávez, Noel; Sudman, Seymour; Warnecke, Richard B.; Lacey, Loretta; Horm, John W.

doi:10.1002/9781118490013.ch4

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A crosscultural meta-analysis of Asch's (1956) classic conformity experiments produced evidence consistent with the expectation that conformity is less common in individualistic societies (Bond & Smith, 1996). In addition, many studies that have compared national and subnational groups (Aday et al, 1980;Grimm & Church, 1999;Johnson et al, 1997;Marín, Gamba, & Marín, 1992;Ross & Mirowsky, 1984;van Herk et al, 2004) have reported evidence supportive of the hypothesis that acquiescent response behaviors may be more common in collectivistic societies. National-level correlations between cultural orientations and acquiescence reported by Smith (2004), van Hemert et al (2002), and Hofstede (2001, p. 509) also support this hypothesis.…”

Section: The Relation Between Cultural Dimensions and Response Stylesmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Relation Between Culture and Response Styles

Johnson

Kulesa

Cho

et al. 2005

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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389

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The authors investigated at the country level the effects of four cultural orientations identified and studied by Hofstede on two commonly recognized response biases: extreme response style and acquiescent responding. Data are presented from approximately 18,000 survey questionnaires completed by employees in 19 nations on five continents (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, Malaysia, Portugal, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Hong Kong, France, and Italy). Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to examine the associations between personlevel response styles and country-level cultural orientations. Consistent with theoretical expectations, power distance and masculinity were found to be positively and independently associated with extreme response style. Individualism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity were each found to be negatively associated with acquiescent response behavior. Further research is needed to identify how question characteristics might interact with cultural orientations to influence response behavior.

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Section: The Relation Between Cultural Dimensions and Response Stylesmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Relation Between Culture and Response Styles

Johnson

Kulesa

Cho

et al. 2005

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Self Cite

546

389

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For purposes of this review, we define ''culture'' as representing a social group with a shared language and set of norms, values, beliefs, and life experiences (Johnson et al, 1997). Culture, of course, is seldom directly examined in epidemiological research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys

Johnson

Bowman

2003

Substance Use & Misuse

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We present an overview of the cross-cultural quality of survey reports of substance use behaviors in the United States. Empirical data from 36 published studies (1977-2003) are examined to evaluate the reliability and validity of substance use reports across cultural groups. In these studies, race/ethnicity are used as proxy indicators of respondent culture. In general, the available research suggests that, with a few exceptions, the quality of survey data on racial and ethnic disparities in substance use is often limited by differential measurement error. A conceptual paradigm is presented to consider a wide range of potential causes for these differences in measurement error that includes two dimensions: emphasis on negative vs. positive behavior patterns, and emphasis on internal vs. external causal factors. These two dimensions yield four potential models that are useful in understanding variations in substance use measurement error: the cultural deficit model, the cultural conflict model, the mainstream conformity model, and the cultural distrust model. Future research should focus on the ability of each of these alternative models to account for cultural variability in the quality of substance use reporting.

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“…Variability in propensity to acquiesce has been identifi ed both within racial and ethnic subgroups within nations and also across counties (Aday, Chiu, & Andersen, 1980;Javeline, 1999;Johnson et al, 1997;Ross & Mirowsky, 1984;van Herk et al, 2004). Research has also begun to identify cultural dimensions that may underlie cross-group variability.…”

Section: Acquiescent Response Stylementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology

Shavitt¹,

Lee²,

Johnson³

Handbook of Consumer Psychology

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OVERVIEWEvery year, multinational companies spend billions of dollars in marketing their products around the world. Some of this money is wasted or, worse, actually damages the marketer's reputation through cultural or linguistic faux pas (e.g., Ricks, 1983). As new global markets emerge, and existing markets become increasingly segmented along ethnic or subcultural lines, the need to market eff ectively to consumers who have diff erent cultural values has never been more acute. Th us, it is no surprise that in the last ten to 15 to 20 years, culture has rapidly emerged as a central focus of research in consumer psychology. What is Culture?Culture is a crucial concept for the understanding of consumer behavior because it is the lens through which people view marketing messages and products. Culture consists of shared elements that provide the standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating, communicating, and acting among those who share a language, a historical period, and a geographic location. As a psychological construct, culture can be studied in multiple ways-across nations, across ethnic groups within nations, across individuals within nations (focusing on cultural orientation), and even within individuals through the priming of cultural values. As will be discussed presently, regardless of how culture is studied, cultural distinctions have been demonstrated to have important implications for advertising content, persuasiveness of appeals, consumer motivation, consumer judgment processes, and consumer response styles. Chapter Organization and ScopeIn this chapter, numerous studies on these topics are reviewed and discussed. Because reviewing the rapidly growing area of cross-cultural psychology could fi ll several handbook chapters, we are by necessity selective in our coverage. We focus more heavily on fi ndings specifi c to the consumer domain rather than a more general review of cultural diff erences. Th e content is organized around both the theoretical and the methodological implications of cultural diff erences in consumer judgments. Th e individualism/collectivism cultural construct and independent/interdependent selfconstrual construct are given special attention because extensive research has demonstrated the implications of these variables for outcomes relevant to consumer behavior. Because the study of culture requires the cross-cultural equivalence of measurement, the second half of this chapter addresses in detail specifi c measurement issues and culturally based response biases likely to be of interest to consumer psychologists. We close with a review of issues and methods for addressing measurement equivalence and cultural variability in response styles. CULTURAL VARIATION: STRUCTURAL ISSUES What Are the Key Cultural Constructs or Dimensions?Th e constructs of individualism and collectivism represent the most broadly used dimensions of cultural variability for cross-cultural comparison (Gudykunst & Ting-Toomey, 1988). In individualistic (IND) cultures, people tend to prefer independent rel...

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Social Cognition and Responses to Survey Questions Among Culturally Diverse Populations

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

The Relation Between Culture and Response Styles

The Relation Between Culture and Response Styles

Cross-Cultural Sources of Measurement Error in Substance Use Surveys

Cross-Cultural Consumer Psychology

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