Social-Class Factors in Alcoholism

Park, Peter J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4274-8_10

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Unlike the physiological and compulsive use indicators of DSM-IV dependence, the DSM-IV abuse criteria may be viewed as societal reactions to drinking behavior. As socially subordinate subgroups of the population, female's and black's drinking behavior may be more heavily sanctioned than that of males and non-blacks, (Makela, 1987;Park, 1983), thereby increasing their vulnerability to societal reaction as reflected in the DSM-IV formulation of alcohol abuse. The increased risk of major depression among females and blacks diagnosed as alcohol abusers, may therefore reflect the development of major depression among these subgroups of the population as the result of a more adverse societal reaction to their drinking behavior than experienced by either males or non-blacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey

Grant

Harford

1995

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

574

322

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AbStMCtThe purpose of this study was to describe detailed patterns of comorbidity between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) alcohol use disorders and major depression using a representative sample of the United States. Comorbidity rates and associations between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression were expressed as odds ratios with confidence intervals adjusted for the complex design characteristics of the NLAES. Comorbidity analyses were presented by sex, ethnicity and age for past year, prior to past year and lifetime diagnoses. Virtually all odds ratios were significantly greater than 1.0, demonstrating that comorbidity of alcohol use disorders and major depression is pervasive in the general population. The magnitude of the association remained stable across the three time frames but diagnostic and subgroup variations in comorbidity were noted. The association between alcohol dependence and major depression was greater than the association between abuse and major depression and the association between alcohol abuse and major depression was consistently greater for females and blacks, compared to their male and non-black counterparts. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of professional help seeking, the self-medication hypothesis, and differential social control theory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey

Grant

Harford

1995

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

574

322

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“…Moreover, Herd (1994) reported that African American men were more likely to report negative drinking consequences (e.g., dependence symptoms, problems with friends, and problems with relatives), even after accounting for drinking behavior, socioeconomic status and other social variables. It has also been observed that African Americans are more likely to be arrested for being intoxicated than European Americans regardless of the amount of alcohol consumed (Brown & Frank, 2006; Park, 1983 cited in Herd, 1994a; Neuspiel, 1996). The observation of differential treatment towards drinking based on the race of the drinker is not a new one.…”

Section: Explanations For Greater Negative Social Consequences Of Alcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon appears in part to be due to the cultural norm that African Americans are more likely to drink in public, such as on street corners, compared to European Americans (Herd & Grube, 1993; Nyaronga, Greenfield, & McDaniel, 2009; Stewart & Power, 2002), coupled with data indicating that police surveillance is more common in low-income African American neighborhoods than in low-income European American neighborhoods (Conley, 1994; Mastrofski, Parks, Reiss, & Worden, 1999). Thus, to the degree that African Americans consume alcohol outdoors, and to the degree that such behavior is deemed as inappropriate or excessive, drinking among this group could result in more negative consequences from drinking (e.g., citations from law enforcement) (LaVeist & Wallace, 2000; Park, 1983). …”

Section: Explanations For Greater Negative Social Consequences Of Alcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Less drinking, yet more problems: Understanding African American drinking and related problems.

Zapolski¹,

Pedersen²,

McCarthy³

et al. 2014

Psychological Bulletin

309

287

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Researchers have found that, compared to European Americans, African Americans report later initiation of drinking, lower rates of use, and lower levels of use across almost all age groups. Nevertheless, African Americans also have higher levels of alcohol problems than European Americans. After reviewing current data regarding these trends, we provide a theory to understand this apparent paradox as well as to understand variability in risk among African Americans. Certain factors appear to operate as both protective factors against heavy use and risk factors for negative consequences from use. For example, African American culture is characterized by norms against heavy alcohol use or intoxication, which protects against heavy use but which also provides within group social disapproval when use does occur. African Americans are more likely to encounter legal problems from drinking than European Americans, even at the same levels of consumption, perhaps thus resulting in reduced consumption but more problems from consumption. There appears to be one particular group of African Americans, low-income African American men, who are at the highest risk for alcoholism and related problems. We theorize that this effect is due to the complex interaction of residential discrimination, racism, age of drinking, and lack of available standard life reinforcers (e.g., stable employment and financial stability). Further empirical research will be needed to test our theories and otherwise move this important field forward. A focus on within group variation in drinking patterns and problems is necessary. We suggest several new avenues of inquiry.

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“…Visserligen finns ett samband mellan alkoholism och hag alkoholkonsumtion, men ofta bygger de alkoholistdefinitioner som anvands aven på andra indikatorer, vilka kan ge en klassbunden snedvridning av resultaten. Park (1983) diskuterar detta ingå-ende.…”

Section: Attstuderasocialaskillnader I Alkoholbrukunclassified

Article

Lundberg¹

1986

Alkoholpolitik: Tidskrift för nordisk alkoholforskning (Alcohol

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En intressant fråga ar vad som orsakar dessa systematiska skillnader. I det sammanhanget ar det framfårallt kons-och socialgruppsskillnader som kommer i fokus, medan ålder, av naturliga skal, ar mindre intressant som sjalvstan dig faktor. I det fåljande ska vi studera skillnader mellan olika socialgrupper. Som ett fårsta steg i sokandet efter mojliga fårklaringar till halsoskillnaderna mellan socialgrupperna kan man fårsoka applicera de hypoteser om halsoskillnader som ar vanliga på individnivå, som t.ex. livsstilshypotesen. Som namndes ovan ar alkoholkonsumtion en viktig del av vad som brukar benamnas livsstil. For att konkretisera tankegången ovan kan vi formulera ett problem sålunda:Finns det systematiska skillnader i alkoholbruk mellan olika socialgrupper (sociala klasser) som till någon del kan forklara de skillnader i sjuklighet man Junnit i tidigare studier? 206Olle Lundberg I denna artikel ska en oversiktlig studie av litteraturen på området goras får att besvara denna fråga.Litteratursokningen har delvis genomfårts med hjalp av databaserna Alconarc och Nordrug. Vissa studier har dock utelamnats p.g.a. låg relevans och/eller bristande kvalitet. ATTSTUDERASOCIALASKILLNADER I ALKOHOLBRUKDet ar viktigt att notera att vi i detta sammanhang enbart ar intresserade av alkoholens halsofårdarvande egenskaper. Det blir då viktigt att bestamma hur dessa verkar. Forst och framst torde konsumtionsnivån (mangden konsumerad alkohol per tidsenhet) hos en enskild individ eller som genomsnitt i en grupp vara en viktig faktor. Ju storre mangd alkohol per vecka (eller år), desto storre halsorisk. Detta galler åtminstone får mer långsiktiga halsoeffekter. Nar det galler den akuta effekten, direkt i form av t.ex. alkoholfårgiftning eller indirekt i form av t.ex. en trafikolycka, tord e aven konsumtionsmonstret spela en betydande rollo Vid en given veckokonsumtion ar det får denna typ av mer direkta hal so effekter inte ovasentligt om spritintaget fårdelas jamnt mellan dagarna, eller koncentreras till några få tillfållen.En vasentlig fråga i detta samrnanhang blir då om aven de mer långsiktiga halsoeffekterna påverkas av konsumtionsmonstret. Har tycks in te forskningen ha något fårdigt svar. Man kan ju tanka sig att t.ex. levern skulle må battre av ett koncentrerat drickande, eftersom den då fick vila mellan varven, men också det * Artikeln har tillkommit inom ram en for ett avhandlingsprojekt rorande orsakerna till klassskillnader i ohalsa. Projektet ar finansierat av Delegationen for Social Forskning.

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Social-Class Factors in Alcoholism

Cited by 21 publications

References 83 publications

Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey

Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: results of a national survey

Less drinking, yet more problems: Understanding African American drinking and related problems.

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