Social Class and (Un)Ethical Behavior: Evidence from a Large Population Sample

Trautmann, Stefan T.; Kuilen, Gijs van de; Zeckhauser, Richard

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2148669

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ce manque de représentativité couplé à une faible puissance statistique deviennent particulière-ment problématiques au fur et à mesure que les travaux utilisant des échantillons plus grands et plus représen-tatifs échouent à reproduire les liens entre classe sociale et comportement non éthique (Trautmann, van de Kuilen, and Zeckhauser, 2013). D'autres recherches ont même observé une relation inverse entre classe sociale et comportement prosocial (Korndörfer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Rareté Des Ressources éConomiques Et Focalisation Attentionnunclassified

“…La profession, étant pour partie déterminée par le diplôme obtenu et déterminant pour partie le salaire perçu, reflèterait bien la position sociale d'un individu dans la société. Enfin, afin de prendre en compte le fait que la classe sociale recouvre plusieurs processus, certains auteurs proposent de combiner plusieurs indicateurs en un score composite (e.g., Trautmann et al, 2013).…”

Section: First-generation Students)unclassified

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Etudier, Mesurer et Manipuler la Classe Sociale en Psychologie Sociale: Approches Economiques, Symboliques et Culturelles [Studying, Measuring and Manipulating Social Class in Social Psychology: Economic, Symbolic and Cultural Approaches]

Goudeau¹,

Autin²,

Croizet

2017

rips

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Jusqu'à récemment, la classe sociale était peu étudiée en psychologie, et lorsqu'elle était prise en compte, c'était plutôt comme une variable démographique à contrôler que comme variable d'intérêt. L'objectif de cet article est de présenter une revue intégrée des recherches récentes sur la classe sociale en psychologie sociale qui examinent la façon dont la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement. Cette littérature conçoit la classe sociale comme un contexte de socialisation modulant l'accès à des ressources, ce qui façonne les manières de penser, de ressentir et d'agir des individus. Nous présen-tons trois approches qui se distinguent en se focalisant sur trois aspects différents du contexte de classe sociale -les ressources économiques, symboliques ou culturelles -et leurs conséquences en termes de processus psychosociaux -focalisation attentionnelle, orientation vers le soi ou l'environnement ou façons de se définir comme individu. La présentation de ces trois approches et des processus psychosociaux associés nous amènera également à discuter des indicateurs utilisés pour mesurer la classe sociale (revenus, emploi, niveau d'éducation, rang perçu). Enfin nous argumenterons comment une psychologie sociale des classes sociales permet, notamment par le recours à la manipulation des processus, une identification précise des mécanismes par lesquels la classe sociale influence le fonctionnement psychologique et le comportement.Mots clés: classe sociale; ressources économiques; rang perçu; capital culturel Until recently, social class has been rarely studied in psychology, and when it was taken into account it was rather as a control demographic variable than as a variable of interest. The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated review of recent research in social psychology that examines how social class influences psychological functioning and behavior. This literature conceptualizes social class as a context of socialization that modulates access to resources, which shapes individuals ways of thinking, feeling and acting. We present three approaches that respectively focus on three distinct aspects of the social class context -economic, symbolic or cultural resources -and describe how these resources impact attentional focus, orientation towards the self or the environment and ways to define oneself as an individual. We review the supporting empirical evidence sustaining these approaches and discuss the relevance of the indicators used to measure social class (income, employment, level of education, perceived rank). Finally, we argue that an experimental social psychology of social class is particularly needed as it allows, through the manipulation of processes, to identify the mechanisms by which social class influences psychological functioning and behavior.

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Section: Rareté Des Ressources éConomiques Et Focalisation Attentionnunclassified

Section: First-generation Students)unclassified

Etudier, Mesurer et Manipuler la Classe Sociale en Psychologie Sociale: Approches Economiques, Symboliques et Culturelles [Studying, Measuring and Manipulating Social Class in Social Psychology: Economic, Symbolic and Cultural Approaches]

Goudeau¹,

Autin²,

Croizet

2017

rips

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“…Among the traditional indicators of SES-income, occupation, and education-HEQ also shows the strongest relationship with a range of outcomes, including lifestyle variables, beliefs, and functioning (Attewell & Newman, 2010;Reardon, 2011;Trautmann et al, 2013). It is also easily and often measured in large social surveys.…”

Section: The Current Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most nations therefore strive to improve the education level of their population. For individuals, education is a strong indicator of social class (Fiske & Markus, 2012;Lareau & Conley, 2008;Singh-Manoux et al, 2007;Trautmann, van de Kuilen, & Zeckhauser, 2013), and higher levels of education are positively associated with a range of valued outcomes, such as political interest and engagement (Emler & Frazer, 1999); trust (Borgonovi, 2012); happiness (Chen, 2011;Cuñado & Gracia, 2011); and health (Marmot, Ryff, & Bumpass, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

2015

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The education effect: higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and socio-political outcomes Article (Accepted Version) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Easterbrook, Matthew J, Kuppens, Toon and Manstead, Antony S R (2016) The education effect: higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with beneficial personal and sociopolitical outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 126 (3). pp. 1261 -1298 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/54022/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Social Indicators ResearchThe education effect: Higher educational qualifications are robustly associated with personal and socio-political outcomes Level of education is a predictor of a range of important outcomes, such as political interest and cynicism, social trust, health, well-being, and intergroup attitudes. We address a gap in the literature by analyzing the strength and stability of the education effect associated with this diverse range of outcomes across three surveys covering the period 1986-2011, including novel latent growth analyses of the stability of the education effect within the same individuals over time. Our analyses of the British Social Attitudes Survey, British Household Panel Survey, and International Social Survey Programme indicated that the education effect was robust across these outcomes and relatively stable over time, with higher education levels being associated with higher trust and political interest, better health and well-being, and with less political cynicism and less negative intergroup attitudes. The education effect was strongest when associated with political outcomes and attitudes towards immigrants, whereas it was weakest when associated with health and well-being. Most of the education effect appears to be due to the beneficial consequences of having a university education. Our results demonstrate that this beneficial education effect is also manifested in withi...

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“…An obvious problem with studying such behavior in a regular experimental laboratory with students is the degree to which students, who are rich only in relative and not absolute terms and who have limited experience with giving, represent real wealthy individuals (2). One major contribution of our study is that, to our knowledge, we are the first to investigate social preferences in a controlled incentivized experiment with a sample of objectively wealthy people.…”

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confidence: 98%

Giving behavior of millionaires

Smeets

Bauer

Gneezy

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This paper studies conditions influencing the generosity of wealthy people. We conduct incentivized experiments with individuals who have at least €1 million in their bank account. The results show that millionaires are more generous toward low-income individuals in a giving situation when the other participant has no power, than in a strategic setting, where the other participant can punish unfair behavior. Moreover, the level of giving by millionaires is higher than in any other previous study. Our findings have important implications for charities and financial institutions that deal with wealthy individuals.philanthropy | donations | experimental economics | dictator game | ultimatum game

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Social Class and (Un)Ethical Behavior: Evidence from a Large Population Sample

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Etudier, Mesurer et Manipuler la Classe Sociale en Psychologie Sociale: Approches Economiques, Symboliques et Culturelles [Studying, Measuring and Manipulating Social Class in Social Psychology: Economic, Symbolic and Cultural Approaches]

Etudier, Mesurer et Manipuler la Classe Sociale en Psychologie Sociale: Approches Economiques, Symboliques et Culturelles [Studying, Measuring and Manipulating Social Class in Social Psychology: Economic, Symbolic and Cultural Approaches]

The Education Effect: Higher Educational Qualifications are Robustly Associated with Beneficial Personal and Socio-political Outcomes

Giving behavior of millionaires

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