Social capital, poverty, and income inequality as predictors of gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and AIDS case rates in the United States

Holtgräve, David R.

doi:10.1136/sti.79.1.62

Cited by 245 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…12,[45][46][47] Further research is needed to better understand how hardship conditions affect HIV risk for Black MSM, including exploring intersections between measures of various types and levels of hardships. Future research can build on these results by exploring whether individual-level hardships interact with area-level hardships to predict HIV risk in Black MSM and what is the impact of geo-political location on these associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic, Legal, and Social Hardships Associated with HIV Risk among Black Men who have Sex with Men in Six US Cities

Nelson

Wilton²,

Moineddin

et al. 2016

J Urban Health

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We assessed whether economic, legal, and social hardships were associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk among a sample of Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and whether associations were moderated by city of residence. The study analyzed baseline and follow-up data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 (N = 1553). Binary logistic regression assessed associations between hardships and HIV risk indicators. Multivariate regressions were used to test if city of residence had a moderating effect for hardships and HIV risks. Adjusted analyses showed that Black MSM with recent job loss were more likely to engage in condomless insertive anal intercourse (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.37, 95 % CI 1.01-1.87) and that those with recent financial crisis were more likely to have had two or more male sexual partners in the past 6 months (AOR = 1.65; 95 % CI 1.18-2.29). Black MSM

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic, Legal, and Social Hardships Associated with HIV Risk among Black Men who have Sex with Men in Six US Cities

Nelson

Wilton²,

Moineddin

et al. 2016

J Urban Health

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“…While we were unable to determine if this association was truly contextual, and we did not find any support for the hypotheses that neighborhood joblessness and the ratio of men to women play important roles in determining sexual network position in this sample, our results suggest that the well-documented association between poverty and STI rates may operate through sexual network structure. [1][2][3][4][5][6]8 Further study of this possible mechanism should attempt to confirm these results in a larger sample, distinguish between contextual and compositional effects, and further elucidate how neighborhood socioeconomic environment may shape network structure. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variation has been found to be strongly associated with various features of the socioeconomic environment, including income, unemployment, and education, [1][2][3][4][5] family structure, 6,7 community physical disorder, 1 racial/ethnic composition, 3,4,7 social capital, 5,8 racial/ethnic income inequalities, 6 and racial/ethnic residential segregation. 6 In particular, poor neighborhoods with high proportions of African American residents suffer from disproportionately high sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment and Sexual Network Position

et al. 2010

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Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are strongly associated with neighborhood poverty; however, the mechanisms responsible for this association remain unclear. Using a population-based study of sexual networks among urban African American adolescents, we tested the hypothesis that poverty, unemployment, and the sex ratio drive STI rates by affecting sexual network structure. Participants were categorized as being in one of three network positions that had previously been found to be strongly linked to infection with chlamydia and gonorrhea: being in a confirmed dyad (i.e., a monogamous pair), being connected to a larger network through one partner, and being in the center of a larger network. We found that only poverty was statistically significantly associated with sexual network position. Residing in the poorest third of neighborhoods was associated with 85% decreased odds of being in confirmed dyads. There was no association of sexual network position with neighborhood employment. Living in a neighborhood with an unequal number of young men and women appeared to be associated with a higher likelihood of being in a confirmed dyad; however, the differences were not statistically significant. These results suggest that poverty may impact STI rates by shaping sexual network structure, but we did not find any evidence that this association operates through unemployment or the sex ratio.

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“…This form of social capital has also been inversely related to the rates of teen pregnancy, STDs, and AIDS at the state level. 19,20 The PHDCN measure pertained to parents watching over the children of the neighborhood, keeping them out of trouble. Where that trouble stems from idle time or opportunities for sex, a high degree of social capital could result in a delayed onset of first sex, less frequent sex, and fewer STDs.…”

Section: Neighborhood Characteristics and Stdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago

2009

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High rates of gonorrhea have been shown to be associated with high rates of incarceration in the prior year. One hypothesized chain of events is that there is a negative effect of incarceration on neighborhood social characteristics, which in turn affect behaviors facilitating transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This study examined whether neighborhood characteristics were associated with the incidence of STDs and homicide rates as a proxy for incarceration rates. Data were from the 1995 Program on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the Chicago Health Department, and the Chicago Police Department. Neighborhood gonorrhea rates increased by 192.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 131.6, 252.9) cases per 100,000 population with a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of social disorder. This rate difference was a value greater than the median neighborhood gonorrhea rate. Similar increases were observed for other neighborhood measures and for Chlamydia infection. We hypothesize that high rates of incarceration may play a role in undermining neighborhood social cohesion and control. Using homicide rates as a proxy for incarceration, a change from the 25th to the 75th percentile of 1995 neighborhood homicide rates yielded a gonorrhea rate increase of 164.6 (95% CI 124.4, 204.7) cases per 100,000. Factors that undermine the social fabric of a community can become manifest in health outcomes such as STDs. The effects of high rates of incarceration on neighborhoods merit further exploration.

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Social capital, poverty, and income inequality as predictors of gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and AIDS case rates in the United States

Cited by 245 publications

References 18 publications

Economic, Legal, and Social Hardships Associated with HIV Risk among Black Men who have Sex with Men in Six US Cities

Economic, Legal, and Social Hardships Associated with HIV Risk among Black Men who have Sex with Men in Six US Cities

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment and Sexual Network Position

Neighborhood Factors Affecting Rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Chicago

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