Social capital and the history of mortality in Britain

Razzell, Peter; Spence, Christine

doi:10.1093/ije/dyi035

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There is evidence of social class gradients in infant mortality, with low‐status infants being more likely to die than high‐status infants (Razzell and Spence, ). Expectation of life at age twenty, however, was in the range of 39–43 years (Hollingsworth, ), regardless of socioeconomic status (Razzell and Spence, ; Razzell and Spence, ). DeWitte et al () found a lack of compelling differences in mortality between high‐and low‐status adults, but elevated mortality and reduced survival among low‐status juveniles in a skeletal sample from industrializing London.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting adult stature in industrial London

Hughes-Morey

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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The results may be explained by differences in subadult mortality, potentially due to variation in infant feeding practices. Low-status infants were more likely to live in pathogenic environments and less likely to be breastfed, leading to both stature and immunological deficits, thus minimizing the association between adult stature and mortality, as the shortest individuals did not survive into adulthood. The ways in which migration and repeated epidemics of plague may have shaped stature variation during industrialization are also discussed, highlighting the importance of context in understanding the association between stature and mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting adult stature in industrial London

Hughes-Morey

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Among rich and poor populations even fine gradations in relative poverty have been associated with differences in survival [1], [2]. It is less clear if this has always been the case [3]. Pre-1900, being able to reach or afford health care would have been of limited benefit, and in predominantly rural communities, exposure to crowds and infectious diseases may have been limited among the poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Mortality in Rural Malawi: HIV Closes the Survival Gap between the Socio-Economic Strata

et al. 2010

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BackgroundAs HIV-related deaths increase in a population the usual association between low socioeconomic status and child mortality may change, particularly as death rates from other causes decline.Methods/Principal FindingsAs part of a demographic surveillance system in northern Malawi in 2002-6, covering a population of 32,000, information was collected on socio-economic status of the households. Deaths were classified as HIV/AIDS-related or not by verbal autopsy. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association of socio-economic indicators with all-cause mortality, AIDS-mortality and non-AIDS mortality among children. There were 195 deaths in infants, 109 in children aged 1–4 years, and 38 in children aged 5–15. All-cause child mortality in infants and 1–4 year olds was similar in households with higher and lower socio-economic status. In infants 13% of deaths were attributed to AIDS, and there were no clear trends with socio-economic status for AIDS or non-AIDS causes. For 1–4 year olds 27% of deaths were attributed to AIDS. AIDS mortality was higher among those with better built houses, and lowest in those with income from farming and fishing, whereas non-AIDS mortality was higher in those with worse built houses, lowest in those with income from employment, and decreased with increasing household assets.Conclusions/SignificanceIn this population, since HIV infection among adults was initially more common among the less poor, childhood mortality patterns have changed. The usual gap in survival between the poor and the less poor has been lost, but because the less poor have been disproportionately affected by HIV, rather than because of relative improvement in the survival of the poorest.

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“…(Robertson, Coall, McAullay, & Nannup, 2019, p. 5) Emlen's (1995) theory on the evolution of family structure in response to ecology indicates those living in unsettled ecologies had more children but higher maternal, infant and child mortality. In the United Kingdom and other North European nations, where women were mostly unable to take charge of their fertility, this pattern continued until the beginning of the 20th century (Razzell & Spence, 2005;Woods, 2000). Nyoongar people almost certainly had fewer children and much lower maternal, infant and child mortality.…”

Section: Family and Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Nyoongar responses to severe climate change and the threat of epidemic disease—Lessons from their past

Robertson

Barrow

2020

IJCIS

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Nyoongar people have lived in the South West of Western Australia for at least 50,000 years. During that time, they experienced significant climate change, including wide variations in temperature and rainfall, and hundreds of metres’ difference in sea levels. Nyoongar people have a long memory, and climate change is described in their stories and in the knowledge they hold about how life was lived in earlier times. There are artifacts and places that have been manipulated to be productive despite severe drought. COVID-19 disrupted the writing of this article, and the authors felt it appropriate to include Nyoongar responses to the threat of epidemic disease brought by Europeans early in their settlement of the area. This review collates existing material generated through Koodjal Jinnung (two-way seeing), a research method that incorporates traditional knowledge and contemporary social and natural sciences about Nyoongar history, to create a description of the resiliency of Nyoongar people under threat from climate change. The article identifies key values and resilience factors underpinning the successful implementation of behavioural and technological mechanisms to negotiate severe climate change and the threat of epidemic disease.

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Social capital and the history of mortality in Britain

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Interpreting adult stature in industrial London

Interpreting adult stature in industrial London

Child Mortality in Rural Malawi: HIV Closes the Survival Gap between the Socio-Economic Strata

A review of Nyoongar responses to severe climate change and the threat of epidemic disease—Lessons from their past

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