Social Capital: a Basis for Community Participation in Fostering Environmental Education and the Heritage Tourism Development of Cibalay Megalithic Site

Abstract

Social capital is an often-unrecognized staple of community participation in a tourism site’s development, although social capital comprises elements essential for successful community-based participation. This paper discusses how the host community’s participation in the tourism development of Cibalay Megalithic Site was driven by local social capital. Cibalay Megalithic Site is one of the last reminders of ancient beliefs and is an iconic landmark, located within the Bogor Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is also within the protected area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. Cibalay Megalithic Site is a product of a socio-cultural environment, deriving from the relationship between man and nature. Thus, its tourism development should interpret this history and promulgate environmental education as one of the key elements of sustainable tourism. The local Village of Tapos I was established as a tourism village; within this village, the hamlet of Sinar Wangi was declared a conservation hamlet. Both designations were achieved due to local initiatives of the host community in developing local tourism, with Cibalay Megalithic Site as the iconic tourism focus of the area. The high level of trust towards local figures and visitors, the conservation norm of “leuweung hejo, masyarakat ngejo” (if the forest is green, then the people will be prosperous) underlying everyday local life that indicates the importance of nurturing nature, good inter-personal relations between village members, and good social networking with outsiders: all combined to create the conditions and motivation that facilitated collective action in developing local heritage tourism.

Social Capital and Social Capacity in Rural Ecotourism Development

“…e coffee plant signi cantly has environmental conservation value, because it naturally provides soil covers against surface runoff. People also have (Sunkar et al, 2016). Community participation in the tourism business in Gombengsari is very signi cant.…”

“…Strengthening the institutional aspects is aimed at improving the quality of leadership and organizational management, especially in institutions that manage ecotourism in two villages. According to Sunkar et al, (2016), social capital forms a local institution that sustains certain norms, which binds various interests (networks), builds trust and motivation for contributing the bene ts of e establishment of a tourism institution in the village shows a high level of interest in managing tourism. However, this has not been able to be supported by the competence and managerial capabilities of human resources.…”

“…Second, the methodology and approach to social capital and social capacity work well in the present research. e social capital approach using norm, trust, network, and participation variables has been widely used (Baksh et al, 2013;Sunkar et al, 2016). is approach re ects social ties as a stock of social capital (Mauerhofer, 2013).…”

“…Social capital is the result of the interaction of norms, traditions, religion, historical experience (Fukuyama, 2001). Social capital forms an institution that sustains certain norms, which binds various interests (networks), builds trust and motivation for contributing the bene ts of managing a resource (Sunkar, Meilani, Rahayuningsih, & Muntasib, 2016).…”

“…Negative perceptions develop because there is no trust, about how the roles of the parties and what can be contributed. Trust can generate positive interpersonal relationships and enhance collective action to develop tourism (Sunkar et al, 2016). Baksh, Soemarno, Hakim, & Nugroho (2013) argues that social capital would stimulate the management and development of ecotourism.…”