Social Approach and Avoidance Motivations

Nikitin, Jana; Schoch, Simone

doi:10.1002/9781119576457.ch14

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…For example, if individuals chose to live with others due to a high social approach tendency (e.g. living with friends), there can be an opposite indirect path connecting living arrangements and daily desire for solitude via social motivation (Nikitin & Schoch, 2021; Uziel & Schmidt‐Barad, 2022). In this case, living with others would be associated with low daily desire for solitude (This was not observed in our sample—living with others was not significantly associated with extraversion, communal orientation, or preference for solitude; see Table S3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solitude could cut the heat during times of extended togetherness. Solitude seeking is common in everyday life across the adult lifespan (Coplan et al, 2021; Larson, 1990; Lay et al, 2018) and can be enhanced after negative social experiences (Nikitin & Schoch, 2021). For example, people who experience ostracism show higher preferences for solitude than people without such experiences (Ren et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Having time to oneself in times of extended togetherness: Solitude experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Choi

Pauly

Garza

et al. 2022

Applied Psych Health & Well

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This study investigated how time to oneself (solitude) is experienced under conditions of extended togetherness with household members during the pandemic. Both structural (living arrangements) and qualitative characteristics (relationship quality and conflict) were examined for their association with solitude desire and daily solitude–affect links. We expected that people living with others and those with more high‐quality as well as those with more conflictual relationships would report better affect quality when experiencing solitude. A Canadian adult lifespan sample (N = 141; Mage = 38.43 years, SDage = 17.51; 81% female; 73% White; data collected from April to August 2020) provided information on household size and relationship characteristics and completed repeated daily life assessments of solitude desire, solitude, and affect. Findings show that living arrangements were not associated with an increased desire for solitude or better affect quality from solitude. Individuals reporting higher relationship quality and individuals reporting more conflict showed more favorable affect quality on days when they had time in solitude than individuals reporting lower quality relationships and lower conflict. Findings add to the growing solitude literature by delineating who seeks and benefits from solitude, and under what conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Having time to oneself in times of extended togetherness: Solitude experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Choi

Pauly

Garza

et al. 2022

Applied Psych Health & Well

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Yet, how combinations of different social approach–avoidance motivations are related to academic motivation and achievement are not well understood (Anderman & Kaplan, 2008; Wentzel, 1999). Social approach and social avoidance motivations are independent constructs that interact to predict motivation and behaviour across contexts (Nikitin & Schoch, 2014). Social avoidance motivations, which are rooted in negative social expectations and fear, are associated with negative processing of social information, avoidance of socio‐evaluative situations and negative outcomes across social contexts (Beck & Clark, 2009; Nikitin & Schoch, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social approach and social avoidance motivations are independent constructs that interact to predict motivation and behaviour across contexts (Nikitin & Schoch, 2014). Social avoidance motivations, which are rooted in negative social expectations and fear, are associated with negative processing of social information, avoidance of socio‐evaluative situations and negative outcomes across social contexts (Beck & Clark, 2009; Nikitin & Schoch, 2014). While social approach motivations are associated with positive social expectations, increased social engagement and positive outcomes, they are less influential in predicting negative outcomes (Nikitin & Schoch, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social avoidance motivations, which are rooted in negative social expectations and fear, are associated with negative processing of social information, avoidance of socio‐evaluative situations and negative outcomes across social contexts (Beck & Clark, 2009; Nikitin & Schoch, 2014). While social approach motivations are associated with positive social expectations, increased social engagement and positive outcomes, they are less influential in predicting negative outcomes (Nikitin & Schoch, 2014). Thus, strong social avoidance motivations (but not low social approach motivations) may predict poor academic motivation and achievement, which could have negative academic implications for students high in shyness or avoidance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivations for social withdrawal and academic adjustment in emerging adulthood

McVarnock

Closson

2022

British J of Dev Psycho

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While social withdrawal in childhood is typically associated with lower academic functioning, little is known about how motivations for social withdrawal may be connected to academic adjustment in emerging adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between social withdrawal motivations (i.e., shyness, avoidance and unsociability) and indices of academic adjustment, including academic achievement (i.e., grade point average [GPA]) and academic motivation (i.e., intrinsic value, self-efficacy and test anxiety), while accounting for gender and conscientiousness. Participants were 623 emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 (M age = 20.15, SD = 1.67; 79% female) who were currently attending university. Hierarchical regression results showed that shyness was negatively associated with intrinsic value and self-efficacy. Whereas shyness was positively associated with test anxiety, avoidance was negatively associated with test anxiety. Social withdrawal motivations were not associated with GPA. The findings suggest that some motivations for social withdrawal play a role in university students' academic motivation, but not their academic achievement.

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Job prospects and career pathways for human anatomy graduates from the University of Otago: Implications for student support and professional development

Corre

Alexander

Daniel

et al. 2023

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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The Department of Anatomy (Anatomy) at the University of Otago delivers programs for students in diverse areas, including clinical anatomy, neuroscience, reproduction and biological anthropology. This study explored the experiences of alumni during their study and career pathways post‐graduation through an online questionnaire distributed to department alumni. Most of the 190 participants studied anatomy as undergraduates (74.2%) and graduated in the past decade (56.8%). Reasons for taking anatomy included finding the topic interesting, a pathway into professional programs, or a degree requirement. Current employment differed between undergraduate (44.7% currently employed in clinical settings) and postgraduate alumni (26.4% currently employed in research, 19.5% in clinical settings). The main pathways for finding jobs were by direct search (38.6%), completing tertiary education (29.2%), and through social network connections (16.4%). Women alumni were less likely to feel that Anatomy prepared them for their careers than men. Themes related to positive and negative experiences included staff, course material/resources, social events, and peers. Suggestions to improve the departmental “sense of community” included increasing departmental events and resources. Alumni suggested that Anatomy should provide more potential career information, make available recent alumni profiles, and organize career fairs and networking opportunities. Postgraduate alumni were more likely to feel a “sense of belonging” in Anatomy than undergraduate alumni. Findings from this research provide an essential data point in the international evaluation of career prospects of anatomy graduates and provide a road map for other institutions to survey their alumni to obtain local insights.

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Social Approach and Avoidance Motivations

Cited by 11 publications

References 84 publications

Having time to oneself in times of extended togetherness: Solitude experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Having time to oneself in times of extended togetherness: Solitude experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Motivations for social withdrawal and academic adjustment in emerging adulthood

Job prospects and career pathways for human anatomy graduates from the University of Otago: Implications for student support and professional development

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