Social apoptosis in honey bee superorganisms

Page, Paul; Lin, Zheguang; Buawangpong, Ninat; Zheng, Huoqing; Hu, Fuliang; Neumann, Peter; Chantawannakul, Panuwan; Dietemann, Vincent

doi:10.1038/srep27210

Cited by 61 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Here, initial models included the explanatory variables treatment and either V. destructor infestation rate, or viral load, or the number of adult bees. Models were fitted as described above with “colony” and “sampling time” included as random factors in all models, and the variances explained by each model were compared by marginal (R 2 m) and conditional R (R 2 c) squared values following Nakagawa [50] (Multi-model inference, r.squaredGLMM function in MuMIn package). A Wilcoxon rank sum test was further used to compare quantitative resin collection between the two treatment groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because dense aggregation of hosts in colonies can facilitate the spread of diseases, honeybees and other eusocial insects have evolved social immunity [44], including hygienic behavior (i.e., nest hygiene and allogrooming) [45,46,47], and social analogs of immune functions, such as social fever [48], encapsulation [49], and apoptosis [50] to combat pathogens. Honeybees [51], stingless bees [52,53], and some ant species [54,55] also collect plant resin, a sticky substrate secreted by plants to protect young sprouts and leaf buds [56], which is used for nest construction and defense against pests and pathogens (reviewed in [51]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inside Honeybee Hives: Impact of Natural Propolis on the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor and Viruses

Drescher

Klein

Neumann

et al. 2017

Insects

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Social immunity is a key factor for honeybee health, including behavioral defense strategies such as the collective use of antimicrobial plant resins (propolis). While laboratory data repeatedly show significant propolis effects, field data are scarce, especially at the colony level. Here, we investigated whether propolis, as naturally deposited in the nests, can protect honeybees against ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor and associated viruses, which are currently considered the most serious biological threat to European honeybee subspecies, Apis mellifera, globally. Propolis intake of 10 field colonies was manipulated by either reducing or adding freshly collected propolis. Mite infestations, titers of deformed wing virus (DWV) and sacbrood virus (SBV), resin intake, as well as colony strength were recorded monthly from July to September 2013. We additionally examined the effect of raw propolis volatiles on mite survival in laboratory assays. Our results showed no significant effects of adding or removing propolis on mite survival and infestation levels. However, in relation to V. destructor, DWV titers increased significantly less in colonies with added propolis than in propolis-removed colonies, whereas SBV titers were similar. Colonies with added propolis were also significantly stronger than propolis-removed colonies. These findings indicate that propolis may interfere with the dynamics of V. destructor-transmitted viruses, thereby further emphasizing the importance of propolis for honeybee health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside Honeybee Hives: Impact of Natural Propolis on the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor and Viruses

Drescher

Klein

Neumann

et al. 2017

Insects

Self Cite

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“…Hygienic behavior has been likened to programmed cell death 63 or "social apoptosis" 64 , with the idea that removal of unhealthy individuals may improve overall colony health. Although the effect of Z10-C 33 on brood susceptibility at quantities naturally produced by brood was not tested here, the considerable detrimental effect www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ of Z10-C 33 on pupal development combined with the lack of a hexane effect suggests that brood susceptibility to natural hygienic signals could play a role in hygiene at the colony level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuticular pheromones stimulate hygienic behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

Wagoner

Millar

Schal

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the health of western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies is challenged by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the numerous harmful pathogens it vectors. Selective breeding for the naturally occurring social immune trait "hygienic behavior" has emerged as one sustainable approach to reducing the mites' impact on honey bees. to expand our understanding of hygienic triggers and improve hygienic selection tools, we tested the hypothesis that the cuticular compounds (Z)-10-tritriacontene and (Z)-6-pentadecene, previously associated with unhealthy honey bee brood and/or brood targeted for hygiene, are triggers of honey bee hygienic behavior independent of brood health. in support of our hypothesis, application of synthetic (Z)-10-tritriacontene and (Z)-6-pentadecene onto brood and brood cell caps significantly increased hygienic behavior compared to application of similarly structured hydrocarbon controls (Z)-16-dotriacontene and (Z)-7-pentadecene. Furthermore, we demonstrate a significant positive correlation between colony-level hygienic responses to (Z)-10-tritriacontene and the traditional freeze-killed brood assay for selection of hygienic honey bee stocks. These results confirm biological activity of (Z)-6-pentadecene and reveal (Z)-10-tritriacontene as a novel hygiene trigger. They also support development of improved tools for honey bee colony monitoring and hygienic selection, and thus may accelerate development of honey bee stocks with greater resistance to Varroa and associated pathogens.As with other social insects, honey bees are highly susceptible to the horizontal spread of infectious diseases due to close contact, high coefficients of relatedness, and high frequency of social interactions among individuals within a colony 1-3 . Movement of parasites between bees within a colony can facilitate the spread of honey bee diseases 2 because ectoparasites such as the mite Varroa destructor, hereafter Varroa, vector numerous honey bee pathogens 4,5 . In addition, Varroa can amplify viral loads 6-8 , alter viral strain diversity 8 , and affect virus virulence 9,10 . In the western honey bee (Apis mellifera), the spread and proliferation of harmful pathogens such as Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) is especially problematic considering honey bees have fewer immune-related genes than non-social insects 11 .Combined with susceptibility to and spread of honey bee parasites and pathogens 12-14 , numerous anthropogenic threats such as pesticide exposure and poor nutrition have led to a shortage of colonies relative to an increasing global demand for crop pollinators [15][16][17][18] . Following pollinator population trends in much of the Northern Hemisphere 19-21 , managed honey bee colonies in the United States have declined more than 50% over the last six decades, from around 5.9 million colonies in 1947 to around 2.7 million colonies in 2015 22,23 . Early declines were likely due to reduced public demand for honey after the end of World War II, while the spread of pests and pathogens are responsible for more recent ...

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“…From (6), (7) and (9) the boundedness of all populations is thus ensured, 10 . Thus all trajectories originating in D 0 remain in D 0 for all t > 0.…”

Section: Well-posedness and Boundednessmentioning

confidence: 99%

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODEL OF VIRAL INFECTIONS IN A VARROA-INFESTED BEE COLONY: THE CASE OF A BEE-DEPENDENT MITE POPULATION SIZE

Bernardi¹,

Venturino²

2017

Mathematical Biology and Biological Physics

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In recent years the spread of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor has become the most serious threat to worldwide apiculture. In the model presented here we extend the bee population dynamics with mite viral epidemiology examined in an earlier paper by allowing a bee-dependent mite population size. The results of the analysis match field observations well and give a clear explanation of how Varroa affects the epidemiology of certain naturally occurring bee viruses, causing considerable damages to colonies. The model allows only four possible stable equilibria, using known field parameters. The first one contains only the thriving healthy bees. Here the disease is eradicated and also the mites are wiped out. Alternatively, we find the equilibrium still with no mite population, but with endemic disease among the thriving bee population. Thirdly, infected bees coexist with the mites in the Varroa invasion scenario; in this situation the disease invades the hive, driving the healthy bees to extinction and therefore affecting all the bees. Coexistence is also possible, with both populations of bees and mites thriving and with the disease endemically affecting both species. The analysis is in line with field observations in natural honey bee colonies. Namely, these diseases are endemic and if the mite population is present, necessarily the viral infection occurs. Further, in agreement with the fact that the presence of Varroa increments the viral transmission, the whole bee population may become infected when the disease vector is present in the beehive. Also, a low horizontal transmission rate of the virus among the honey bees will help in protecting the bee colonies from Varroa infestation and viral epidemics.

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Social apoptosis in honey bee superorganisms

Cited by 61 publications

References 39 publications

Inside Honeybee Hives: Impact of Natural Propolis on the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor and Viruses

Inside Honeybee Hives: Impact of Natural Propolis on the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor and Viruses

Cuticular pheromones stimulate hygienic behavior in the honey bee (Apis mellifera)

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODEL OF VIRAL INFECTIONS IN A VARROA-INFESTED BEE COLONY: THE CASE OF A BEE-DEPENDENT MITE POPULATION SIZE

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