Social anxiety disorder among children and adolescents: A nationwide survey of prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and co-morbidities

Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Salehi, Mona; Khaleghi, Ali; Hooshyari, Zahra; Mostafavi, Seyed Ali; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Hojjat, Seyed Kaveh; Safavi, Parvin; Amanat, Man

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.015

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In total, 75 (72.8%) of the SAD individuals in our study fulfilled the criteria for one or more comorbid conditions. High mental comorbidity is in line with several previous community based child and adolescent studies of SAD (Wittchen et al, 1999;Ranta et al, 2009;Spence et al, 2018;Canals et al, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2020) and lends support to the idea that "comorbidity seems to be the rule rather than the exception" among adolescents with SAD (Fehm et al, 2005, p. 456). GAD was the most prevalent (58.5%) comorbid condition, followed by SPH (25.7%).…”

Section: Comorbiditysupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although they used parent reports and only assessed SAD, GAD, and SEP, Spence et al (2018) also reported GAD as the most prevalent comorbid condition, present in 38.4% of Australian adolescents aged 12-17 years diagnosed with SAD. In addition, Mohammadi et al (2020) reported comorbid GAD in 26% of 585 Iranian SAD cases aged 6-18 years. In a Spanish study of children and adolescents, Canals et al (2019) reported GAD as the second most prevalent comorbid condition (39.1%) after SPH (43.5%), and Garcia-Lopez et al (2016) recommended screening for both GAD and specific phobia when assessing adolescents with SAD.…”

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic Correlates and Mental Health Comorbidities in Adolescents With Social Anxiety: The Young-HUNT3 Study, Norway

et al. 2021

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Social anxiety is highly prevalent in adolescents and is often associated with great individual suffering and functional impairment. Psychiatric comorbidity is common and further adds to this burden. The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the occurrence of diagnosed and self-reported social anxiety among 8,199 Norwegian adolescents aged 13–19 years who participated in the population-based Young-HUNT3 study (2006–2008); (2) to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and different subgroups of social anxiety; and (3) to describe the psychiatric health comorbidities among adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). In total, 388 (5.9%) of the adolescents screened positive for SAD and were invited into a diagnostic interview, performed by professional nurses, using Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM IV: child version (ADIS-C) (response rate = 54.6%). A SAD diagnosis was indicated in 106 individuals (50% of the interview subjects), and more than two-thirds of the adolescents diagnosed with SAD had one or more comorbid psychiatric disorders. Higher mean scores of self-reported social anxiety symptoms, poor self-rated health, sleep problems, poor family economic situation, low physical activity, and having sought professional help within the last year were associated with higher odds of being in the screening positive subgroup. Screening positive subjects who did not meet for a diagnostic interview did not differ notably from the rest of the screening positive group in terms of these sociodemographic characteristics. Based on our results and the fact that individuals with social anxiety often fear interview situations, the use of ADIS-C, screening questions and self-reports seem to be sufficient when aiming to identify epidemiologically representative cohorts of adolescents at risk of social anxiety.

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Section: Comorbiditysupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Correlates and Mental Health Comorbidities in Adolescents With Social Anxiety: The Young-HUNT3 Study, Norway

et al. 2021

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“…The finding that VRET appears to be less effective than exposure in vivo only in patients with SAD may be related to the fact that it is still far more difficult to create realistic virtual social environments for use in VRET in patients with SAD in contrast to VR worlds for patients with specific phobias such as fear of heights, fear of animals, or fear of flying and VR worlds for patients with agoraphobia. On the other hand, comorbidity with other anxiety disorders and depression [36] and avoidant personality disorder [37] is much higher in patients with SAD than in patients with specific phobias. Whether this comorbidity is related to the outcome of VRET in SAD deserves to be studied.…”

Section: Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder

Emmelkamp

Meyerbröker

Morina

2020

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Purpose of Review This review provides an overview of current methods and important aspects to consider when applying virtual worlds in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent Findings Different aspects such as dialogs between avatars and patients have been investigated as well as virtual audiences, emotional facial expression, and verbal interaction with avatars. Results of these studies are promising. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in SAD. Unfortunately, most RCTs into the efficacy of VRET in comparison with exposure in vivo in SAD have been conducted with a combination of cognitive interventions and VRET. No differences between these conditions were found, but the pure effect of VRET as a standalone treatment has only been investigated in one RCT, wherein VRET was not superior to exposure in vivo. Summary Current research into different facets of SAD and VRET has produced promising results with respect to technological aspects. No differences in efficacy between cognitive behavior therapy and VRET were found, but there is a clear need for studies investigating the efficacy of VRET as a stand-alone treatment and the therapeutic processes involved before this therapy can be disseminated in routine clinical practice.

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“…Studies among college students in Arabian Gulf countries have also endorsed this trend [13,14,15]. However, literature also yields a few studies which have reported the opposite trend [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Social phobia in Oman: Online National Survey

Ambusaidi¹,

Al‐Huseini²,

Alshaqsi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is among the most common anxiety disorders worldwide with data largely emerging from the Euro-American and Pacific Rim populations. In contrast, there is a dearth of studies among the populations of Arabian Gulf countries including Oman. This study has two interrelated aims: (i) to explore the prevalence of SAD among Omani adults, and (ii) to tease out the links between sociodemographic factors and SAD in Oman. Methods: A cross-sectional study via an online survey was conducted among 1019 adult Omani nationals residing in Oman. The presence of SAD was assessed using the Arabic version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). Result: Nearly half the participants (45.9%, n=468) endorsed themselves as having features of SAD as defined by LSAS. In the multivariate logistic analysis, participants below 40 years of age were 1.6 times (OR=1.568, p=0.026) more likely to have SAD than those who were 40 and older. Women were 1.3 times (OR=1.348, p=0.038) more likely to endorse SAD than men. Participants who had secondary or undergraduate education were respectively 1.5 times (OR=1.45, p=0.014) and 2.5 times (OR=2.509, p<.001) to have SAD than who were postgraduates. Conclusion: The present data suggest that 45.9% of the participants reached the cut-off for case-ness in LSAS, which is high compared to reports from other populations. As online survey respondents tend to belong to similar demographics, the current results need not be representative of the Omani adult population, which calls for studies that adopt more inclusive survey methods.

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Social anxiety disorder among children and adolescents: A nationwide survey of prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, risk factors and co-morbidities

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Sociodemographic Correlates and Mental Health Comorbidities in Adolescents With Social Anxiety: The Young-HUNT3 Study, Norway

Sociodemographic Correlates and Mental Health Comorbidities in Adolescents With Social Anxiety: The Young-HUNT3 Study, Norway

Virtual Reality Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder

The Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Social phobia in Oman: Online National Survey

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