Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Youth Violence: Shifting the Paradigm of Youth Violence Prevention

Nation, Maury; Chapman, Derek A.; Edmonds, Torey; Cosey-Gay, Franklin; Jackson, Trinidad; Marshall, Khiya J.; Gorman‐Smith, Deborah; Sullivan, Terri N.; Trudeau, Aimée-Rika T.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306234

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, homicide rates for males in Puerto Rico have been attributed, in part, to living in communities that have been marginalized and the socioeconomic incentives of being involved in illegal means of income that are associated with high risks for violence ( 46 ). Racial and ethnic minority youths often live in communities with concentrated poverty, stressed economies, residential instability, neighborhood disorganization, low community cohesion, and informal controls ( 44 , 45 , 47 ). All of these conditions are associated with violence and violence-related injuries, and addressing the contextual factors at the structural, societal, and community levels that serve as risk factors can have broad and sustained effects in preventing violence ( 3 , 44 , 45 , 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Racial and ethnic minority youths often live in communities with concentrated poverty, stressed economies, residential instability, neighborhood disorganization, low community cohesion, and informal controls ( 44 , 45 , 47 ). All of these conditions are associated with violence and violence-related injuries, and addressing the contextual factors at the structural, societal, and community levels that serve as risk factors can have broad and sustained effects in preventing violence ( 3 , 44 , 45 , 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 42 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2019

Wilson¹,

Liu²,

Lyons³

et al. 2022

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

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Problem/Condition In 2019, approximately 67,000 persons died of violence-related injuries in the United States. This report summarizes data from CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) on violent deaths that occurred in 42 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2019. Results are reported by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, method of injury, type of location where the injury occurred, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Period Covered 2019. Description of System NVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner and medical examiner records, and law enforcement reports. This report includes data collected for violent deaths that occurred in 2019. Data were collected from 39 states with statewide data (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming), three states with data from counties representing a subset of their population (30 California counties, representing 57% of its population, and 47 Illinois counties and 40 Pennsylvania counties, representing at least 80% of their populations), the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. NVDRS collates information for each violent death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, homicide followed by suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident. Results For 2019, NVDRS collected information on 50,374 fatal incidents involving 51,627 deaths that occurred in 42 states (39 states collecting statewide data, 30 California counties, 47 Illinois counties, and 40 Pennsylvania counties), and the District of Columbia. In addition, information was collected for 831 fatal incidents involving 897 deaths in Puerto Rico. Data for Puerto Rico were analyzed separately. Of the 51,627 deaths, the majority (64.1%) were suicides, followed by homicides (25.1%), deaths of undetermined intent (8.7%), legal intervention deaths (1.4%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force acting in the line of duty, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1.0%). The term “legal intervention” is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement. Demographic patterns and circumstances varied by manner of death. The suicide rate was higher for males than for females. Across all age groups, the suicide rate was highest among adults aged 45–54 years. In addition, non-Hispanic A...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 42 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2019

Wilson¹,

Liu²,

Lyons³

et al. 2022

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research has found that wealth inequality, lack of trust in institutions, and economic deprivation are associated with firearm homicide rates at the county level (4). Persistently high rates among racial and ethnic minority youths might be rooted in stressors associated with living in underresourced communities and ultimately caused by systemic racism or multigenerational poverty resulting from limited educational and economic opportunities (5). Although not specifically evaluated for effects on firearm homicide, prevention efforts that strengthen household financial security (e.g., tax credits, child care subsidies, temporary assistance to families, and livable wages) and that improve access to high-quality early childhood education have demonstrated positive effects on important risk factors for firearm homicide, including poverty, school performance, school dropout rates, substance use, behavioral problems, and arrests for violent and nonviolent offenses (6,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firearm Homicides and Suicides in Major Metropolitan Areas — United States, 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

Kegler¹,

Stone²,

Mercy³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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† An MSA is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as consisting of "at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties." MSAs are geographically delineated by groupings of neighboring counties and can cross state boundaries; names are assigned by the OMB based on the names of one to three principal cities or places within each MSA. This report refers to MSAs as delineated by the OMB in March 2020.

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“…These conditions are associated with violence and violence-related injuries ( 39 ). By addressing the structural, societal, and community-level contexts that serve as risk factors for violence, prevention efforts can have broad and sustained effects ( 3 , 41 , 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 39 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2018

Sheats

Wilson

Lyons

et al. 2022

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Problem/Condition In 2018, approximately 68,000 persons died of violence-related injuries in the United States. This report summarizes data from CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) on violent deaths that occurred in 39 states the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2018. Results are reported by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, method of injury, type of location where the injury occurred, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics. Period Covered 2018. Description of System NVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner and medical examiner reports, and law enforcement reports. This report includes data collected for violent deaths that occurred in 2018. Data were collected from 36 states with statewide data (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin), three states with data from counties representing a subset of their population (21 California counties, 28 Illinois counties, and 39 Pennsylvania counties), the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. NVDRS collates information for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, homicide followed by suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident. Results For 2018, NVDRS collected information on 52,773 fatal incidents involving 54,170 deaths that occurred in 39 states and the District of Columbia. In addition, information was collected on 880 fatal incidents involving 975 deaths in Puerto Rico. Data for Puerto Rico were analyzed separately. Of the 54,170 deaths, the majority (64.1%) were suicides, followed by homicides (24.8%), deaths of undetermined intent (9.0%), legal intervention deaths (1.4%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force acting in the line of duty, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1.0%). (The term “legal intervention” is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement.) Demographic patterns and circumstances varied by manner of death. The suicide rate was higher among males than among females and was highest among adults aged 35–64 years and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White persons. The most common method of injury for suicide was a firearm among males and hanging, strangulation, or suffocation among females. Suicide was most often preceded by a mental health, intimate partner, or physical ...

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Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Youth Violence: Shifting the Paradigm of Youth Violence Prevention

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 42 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2019

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 42 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2019

Firearm Homicides and Suicides in Major Metropolitan Areas — United States, 2015–2016 and 2018–2019

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 39 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico, 2018

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