Social and Sexual Behavior of Two Newly Formed Pairs of Mexican Gray Wolf in Captivity

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“…The observed season of bloody urinations (19 December to 14 March) compares favourably with those reported in Minnesota (4 January to 24 February; Rothman and Mech 1978) and Poland (12 January to 22 March; Schmidt et al 2008). Proestrus in several central Wisconsin wolf packs spanned an average of 27.9 days and peaked in early February, which is consistent with observations in both captive and wild wolves (Seal et al 1979(Seal et al , 1987Asa et al 1990;Esquivel et al 1993 as cited in Alonso- Spilsbury et al 2006). However, the mechanisms driving variability among individuals, neighbouring packs, and populations remain elusive.…”