Social and Psychological Adaptation
Of Children and Ado-Lescents as Criterion of Risk of Influence
Of Factors of the Intra School Environment

Introduction: During lockdown, a student is influenced by a combination of external factors including family environment, increased social and emotional stress, higher educational and computer load, and higher responsibility for doing homework, which inevitably changes his psychoemotional sphere and coping behavior. In order to study characteristics of psychoemotional and behavioral reactions of schoolchildren before and during 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey of 1,160 fifth to eleventh graders aged 11–18 in the city of Chelyabinsk. Results: We established a high level of reactive anxiety in 7.9 % and 9.9 % and a low level in 63.4 % and 59.4 % of schoolchildren before and during lockdown, respectively. A high level of personal anxiety was observed in 33.6 % and 42.6 % of children and a low level – in 19.8 % and 16.8 % of schoolchildren before and during lockdown, respectively. Higher levels of reactive and personal anxiety were more prevalent in girls than in boys. We noted a high and increased levels of aggression in 78.6 % and 80.5 % and very high and high levels of neuroticism in 44.6 % and 44.4 % of the respondents before and during school closure, respectively. A high level of emotional excitability and neurotization was observed in one third of the surveyed schoolchildren. The number of respondents with a high level of neurotization and emotional excitability rose by 7.5 % and 4.0 % during lockdown, respectively. The proportion of successful distance learning schoolchildren increased by 16.8 %. Conclusions: Lockdown contributed to the increase in the levels of anxiety, aggressiveness, and neuroticism in school-age adolescents. The number of respondents complaining of sleep disturbance, visual impairment and headaches became 2.7, 1.1, and 1.1 times higher during lockdown. We revealed significant differences in sleep disorders, headaches, dizziness, complaints of vision impairment, fatigue, and irritability between successful and unsuccessful schoolchildren (p < 0.05).

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Psychoemotional Status of Schoolchildren before and during Distance Learning at the Time of 2020 Coronavirus Lockdown

Макарова¹,

Зорина²,

Емельянова³

et al. 2021

Peculiarities of Student´s Psychological State Under the Adverse Influence of Intraschool Factors

Макарова¹,

Зорина²

2019

The paper presents the results of monitoring of intraschool factors and gives a hygienic assessment of the sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of schools and the organization of the educational process in schools of Chelyabinsk. It was established that 56.4 % of establishments with satisfactory conditions of stay and education belong to the second group and 0.6 % of schools belong to the third group of sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing. In the study of class schedules, non-compliance with hygienic standards was found in 26.3 % of cases. Subjects of high difficulty level are put the first on schedule in 15.0 % of cases and during 5–8 lessons in 10.0 % of cases. We assessed the anxiety levels of 5–11th grade students (total 2 032 schoolchildren). High levels of reactive anxiety were found among 35.7 % of students and personal anxiety among 37.0 % of schoolchildren respectively. The most significant causes of psychological discomfort in educational establishments are the conditions of a new digital intraschool environment and educational overload, which can manifest themselves in a high anxiety level among students, which necessitates the development of hygienic principles for the formation of a health-saving environment.

Preventive and Health Improving Activity Among Students With Functional Disorders and Chronic Diseases of Visual Organ for the Holiday Period

Маркелова¹

2019

A study of the frequency and intensity of using various types of electronic devises by 229 senior students showed that the average duration of using a computer and a laptop for the holiday period is about 4 hours. This is two times higher than on school days (p < 0.05), the duration of continuous operating time with them is about 3 hours, while on school days it did not exceed more than 2 hours (p < 0.05). We believe that it is necessary to extend the positive experience of health improving activities for the holiday period. The high proportion of child care institutions in the Russian Federation (81.3 %), with about 50 % of the total number of children enrolled in summer health improvement company, allows to be recommended these institutions as a platform for health improving activities. Our methods showed positive results in the children health improving with functional disorders and chronic diseases of the vision organ in the child care institution during the one summer health improvement company. They showed significant positive dynamics of visual acuity in 81 % of cases (p < 0.05), and improved results of the Malinovsky test.