Taking a cue from recent works concerning progress and emancipation within Critical Theory (Allen, 2016, Verovšek, 2019, this contribution 1 aims to articulate a critique of the notion of progress to rehabilitate the notion of emancipation. To achieve this objective, the argument is developed in four steps to widen the discussion to include themes of hope, counter-memories, and counternarratives as paths toward emancipation.First, I illustrate the main meanings of progress and its ethical implications as they emerge in some of Honneth's writings. Then, I try to highlight some problems with the category of progress when applied to Critical Theory. I also take a cue from both some recent works on this topic (Allen, 2016) and postcolonial studies (Chakrabarty, 2000).Second, I clarify the notion of emancipation and compare it with the concept of progress. I point out that emancipation can work better than progress within the domain of Critical Theory since it leaves room for contingency both in a negative and a positive sense. I show that emancipation is fit for the purpose of rethinking the right to live a good life, which is only possible within a fair social context.Next, I focus on a kind of proximity among emancipation, hope, and micrology, based on their negative and disruptive imports. On the one hand, emancipation shares with hope the fact that they are both counterfactual and essential for the investigation of reality. On the other hand, micrology, which is attentive to detail, can be useful in deconstructing the triumphalist narration of history and let other accounts emerge. In the last section, assuming that the modes of writing history can be understood as dispositifs of power, I point out that a renewed micrology implies a radical mode of conceiving history as a constant dialogue with forgotten memories and unheard voices, maintaining that the marginalized and the unheard can work as an immanent, though in some ways transcendent, force that is able to transform neglected and marginalized reality (Hartman, 2019). Such a conception of history underpins a new and radical way of interpreting narrative coherence and the act of narrating (Bhabha, 1990, Butler, 2004.
RECONSTRUCTING THE MEANING AND THE MAIN CRITIQUES OF THE
NOTION OF PROGRESSWithin the tradition of conceptual history (Koselleck, 1975), progress is sketched as a belief in a positive and unavoidable trend in history. From the eighteenth century onward, progress has been considered to be the same as history,