Social and nonsocial affective processing in schizophrenia — An ERP study

Okruszek, Łukasz; Wichniak, Adam; Jarkiewicz, M.; Schudy, Anna; Gola, Mateusz; Jednoróg, Katarzyna; Marchewka, Artur; Łojek, Emilia

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.06.007

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Intact LPP modulation was found in a number of studies that presented emotional stimuli to SCZ during various task designs (Horan, Foti, Hajcak, Wynn, & Green, 2012 ; Horan, Wynn, Kring, Simons, & Green, 2010 ; Pinheiro et al, 2013 ). Furthermore, in our previous study, we found a similar pattern of behavioral and neural response to the subset of the stimuli used in this study, which was presented during an oddball task (Okruszek et al, 2016 ). Thus, despite differences in the behavioral ratings of the stimuli, we believe that the fact that both group showed similar LPP modulation reflects intact emotional reactivity in SCZ and is proof of similar reactions to affective stimuli in SCZ and HC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Using ERPs to explore the impact of affective distraction on working memory stages in schizophrenia

Okruszek

Jarkiewicz

Gola

et al. 2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Research on individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) shows a variety of emotional and cognitive deficits. We examined the hypothesis that ineffective emotional interference control may impact working memory (WM) performance by disrupting information encoding, maintenance, or retrieval in SCZ. Twenty-eight SCZ and 28 matched healthy controls (HC) performed the visual and verbal delayed-matching-to-sample task (DMST) with trials preceded by negative and nonemotional visual distractors. Event-Related Potentials associated with affective stimuli processing (Late Positive Potential-LPP) and WM-encoding (target-P3), maintenance (Negative Slow Wave-NSW), and retrieval (probe-P3) were analyzed. Patients showed overall worse DMST accuracy than HC. Emotional distraction negatively impacted accuracy during the verbal DMST in both groups combined. Both groups also displayed similar LPP modulation during the presentation of emotional distractors. HC showed enhanced NSW after presentation of a negative distraction, whereas this did not occur in SCZ. Comparable effects of emotional distraction were found for WM-encoding and retrieval in both groups. While emotional and neutral stimuli differentially impacted WM-maintenance on the neural level in HC, we did not observe this effect in SCZ, even though both groups showed similar behavioral and neurophysiological reactions to affective stimuli. Deficits in inhibitory mechanisms in SCZ may be responsible for this effect and may have particular relevance for WM-maintenance difficulties.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.3758/s13415-018-0578-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Patients with schizophrenia have an intact ability to react to emotional stimuli “in-the-moment” (Kring & Moran, 2008 ; Okruszek et al, 2016 ). This would suggest that a similar impact of emotional stimuli on concurrent cognitive processes should be observed in both patients and in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ERPs to explore the impact of affective distraction on working memory stages in schizophrenia

Okruszek

Jarkiewicz

Gola

et al. 2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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“…Not much is known, however, about the temporal unfolding of neural activity underlying social (versus nonsocial) information processing, and it remains largely unresolved how social content may interact with other stimulus dimensions during stimulus processing, particularly with emotional content in terms of intrinsic pleasantness / hedonic valence. Here, we extend previous EEG data (Bayer et al, 2017;Okruszek et al, 2016) by showing that social content impacts very early stages of stimulus processing, reflected in modulations of the P1 and subsequent ERP components of short latencies. Social content therefore likely represents a unique stimulus dimension that is appraised during one of the first of a series of relevance checks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The two so far available EEG studies that directly manipulated social relevance (Bayer et al, 2017;Okruszek et al, 2016) reported an effect of social content, but neither main effects of emotional valence nor a social by emotional content interaction at the P1 component. Importantly, however, both studies only included negative and neutral stimulus materials.…”

Section: Effects Of Social and Emotional Content In Erpsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In contrast to the well documented ERP modulations by emotional relevance, effects of other sources of relevance, including social relevance, and their integration with emotional aspects have been largely neglected to far. Only one previous EEG study (Okruszek et al, 2016) explicitly aimed at differentiating social from nonsocial content in addition to testing for emotional content effects using complex visual scenes, although this study only comprised stimuli with a negative versus neutral valence. The authors reported early effects of social content at the P1 (social > nonsocial) and at the EPN (nonsocial > social) component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Appraising Social and Emotional Relevance: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials

Schacht

Vrtička

2017

Preprint

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Social information is highly intrinsically relevant for the human species because of its direct link to guiding physiological responses and behavior. Accordingly, extant functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data suggest that social content may form a unique stimulus dimension. It remains largely unknown, however, how neural activity underlying social (versus nonsocial) information processing temporally unfolds, and how such social information appraisal may interact with the processing of other stimulus characteristics, particularly emotional meaning. Here, we presented complex visual scenes differing in both social (versus nonsocial) and emotional relevance (positive, negative, neutral) intermixed with scrambled versions of these pictures to N= 24 healthy young adults. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to intact pictures were examined for gaining insight to the dynamics of appraisal of both dimensions, implemented within the brain. Our main finding is an early interaction between social and emotional relevance due to enhanced amplitudes of early ERP components to emotionally positive pictures of social compared to nonsocial content, presumably reflecting rapid allocation of attention and counteracting an overall negativity bias. Importantly, our ERP data show high similarity with previously observed fMRI data using the same stimuli, and source estimations located the ERP effects in overlapping occipito-temporal brain areas. Our new data suggest that relevance detection may occur already as early as around 100 ms after stimulus onset and may combine relevance checks not only examining intrinsic pleasantness/emotional valence, but also social content as a unique, highly relevant stimulus dimension.Keywords: Affective Picture Processing, Social Content, Emotional Valence, Appraisal, Relevance, Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) IntroductionHumans are highly social beings (Aronson, 1980;Tomasello, 2014). Hence, social information is assumed to be of high intrinsic relevance to humans due to its direct link to guiding physiological responses and behavior (Hariri et al., 2002;Keltner and Kring, 1998). A prominent evolutionary theory, the social brain hypothesis, even postulates that primates -including humans -have evolved unusually large brains for body size compared to all other vertebrates as a means to manage their unusually complex social systems (Dunbar, 1998(Dunbar, , 2009. During the last two and a half decades, much not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.The copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/230961 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 8, 2017; Schacht & Vrticka 2 research has thus been dedicated to better understand the functioning of the so-called social brain in a newly emerging field termed social cognitive affective neuroscience (Adolphs, 2003;Cacioppo and Berntson, 1992;Lieberman, 2007). Along these lines, social stimuli are argued to constitute the most emotionally evocative sti...

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Late electrophysiological potentials and emotion in schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review

Castro

Bailey

Zinger

et al. 2019

Schizophrenia Research

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OF THE THESIS vii APPENDIX A: PRISMA Checklist and Risk of Bias Assessment 33 APPENDIX B: Funnel Plots for All Included Studies 37 APPENDIX C: Moderator Information and Analyses 38vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my committee chair, Professor Elizabeth A. Martin, who has supported and guided me through the completion of this project. Without her steadfast and continued encouragement, this thesis would not have been possible. Introduction:There is mixed evidence about emotional processing abnormalities in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, with trait self-reports and clinician ratings indicating significant differences between patients and controls, but studies of in-the-moment, self-reported emotional experience finding only small differences between these groups. The current metaanalysis synthesizes statistics from studies measuring the P3 and LPP, two event-related potential (ERP) components sensitive to attentional allocation, to examine whether patients exhibit ERP response abnormalities to neutral and valenced visual stimuli. Methods:Standardized mean amplitudes and standard errors of P3 and/or LPP waveforms (300-2000 ms) in response to neutral and valenced images were calculated for 13 studies (total n=339 individuals with schizophrenia, 331 healthy controls). Results:In response to neutral images, there were very small, non-significant differences in ERP amplitudes between patient and control groups (k=9; Hedges' g=-0.06, 95% CI: -055, 0.43, p=0.81). In contrast, patients showed a small, significant reduction in ERP amplitudes compared to controls in response to negative images (k=13; Hedges' g=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.59, -0.05, viii p=0.02), and a small, but nonsignificant, reduction in amplitudes in response to positive images (k=7; Hedges' g=-0.27, 95% CI: -0.71, 0.18, p=0.24). Conclusions and implications:The current review indicates that compared to controls, patients have slightly diminished P3 and LPP amplitudes in response to positive and negative stimuli.This small reduction may reflect decreased attention allocation, possibly indicating an abnormality during a distinct stage of early processing related to evaluating the motivational salience of a stimulus. ABSTRACT Structured summary2 Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and implications of key findings; systematic review registration number.2

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Social and nonsocial affective processing in schizophrenia — An ERP study

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Using ERPs to explore the impact of affective distraction on working memory stages in schizophrenia

Using ERPs to explore the impact of affective distraction on working memory stages in schizophrenia

Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Appraising Social and Emotional Relevance: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials

Late electrophysiological potentials and emotion in schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review

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