Social and environmental determinants of malaria in under five children in Nigeria: a review

Decision Making within the Built Environment as a Strategy for Mitigating the Risk of Malaria and other Vector-Borne Diseases

“…It appears that the overlap between the public health champions of housing modification for the control of malaria and the built environment stops at the level of construction trades. Mgone, 2010;Marshall et al, 2010;Atkinson, 2011;Wang et al, 2006;Marshall and De Silva, 2012;Qiuyin, 2012;Tizifa, et al, 2018) Hausmann-Muela, Susanna and Julian Eckl, 2015; Ocampo et al, 2013;Tatem, 2014 The link between Climate Change and the occurrence of Malaria Reiter, 2008;Klinkenberg et al, 2008;Hay et al, 2002;Adefemi et al, 2015. Zhou et al, 2007Lindblade, 2000;Tonnang, 2010;Edlund et al, 2012 Opportunities for Built Environment-related mitigation Lindsay et al, 2002;Menger et al, 2014;Gamage-Mendis, 1991;Lindsay SW et al, 2003, Harrysone et al, 2009Tusting et al, 2015;Tusting et al, There is evidence of cross-disciplinary collaboration in efforts focusing on investigating:…”

“…Such examples include social determinants of health, mental health, government advocacy, safety practices, urban planning, public-private partnerships, and healthcare access. For instance, one socio-cultural factor that influences the prevalence of malaria, particularly in children, is the hierarchical structure of families among communities with social stratification in parts of Nigeria (Adefemi et al, 2015). Children under five years of age have a greater need than adults for nutritiously balanced meals because they do not have a strong built-in immunity.…”

“…Children under five years of age have a greater need than adults for nutritiously balanced meals because they do not have a strong built-in immunity. In areas where food is scarce, fathers hold the right to the best meal, and children are often left with food that does not permit adequate growth and development for their age (Adefemi et al, 2015). Additionally, some barriers to effective intervention strategies that involve a cross-disciplinary consideration include access to public health information and level of spirituality.…”

“…Some communities may have limited access to information in print or electronic media. Adefemi et al (2015) noted that the presence of malaria under the compass of ill-health is often related to the presence of demons or evil spirits, which require herbal and spiritual remedies or behavioral changes.…”

Climate change and malaria control: the importance of mitigation and a call to action

“…10,26 Evidence to support such contention would include the case of malaria resurgence in the highland tea estates of Kenya, where the disease had disappeared for about thirty years. 4 While it is important to understand the dynamics of malaria incidence and prevalence from other perspectives like resistance to drug/insecticides, changes in land use, vegetation/other environmental factors, socioeconomic status, funding, and so on, 1,8 it is equally imperative to acknowledge the role of climate change. 4 Perhaps the climate-malaria relationship is best demonstrated by the phenomenon of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).…”