Social and economic determinants and potential for growth in life expectancy of the population in the Russian Federation taking into account regional differentiation

Abstract

The current work supplements the results obtained in previous research on a relation between leading parameters of living conditions and life expectancy of the RF population; it dwells on the results obtained via analyzing a role played by sanitary and epidemiologic determinants. A sanitary-epidemiologic situation in certain RF regions is unfavorable and it makes our research truly vital; it is also necessary to work out and implement activities aimed at eliminating or minimizing adverse environmental factors that can produce negative effects on demographic situation in the country. Our primary goal was to study impacts exerted by sanitary-epidemiologic parameters on life expectancy in the RF and to obtain predicted values for its growth taking into account regional and sex differentiation. We examined domestic and foreign experience in researching relations between sanitary-epidemiologic welfare and life expectancy. All the RF regions were distributed into three clusters as per their sanitary-epidemiologic welfare. The third cluster that includes 11 regions is in much greater need for implementing activities aimed at reducing environmental contamination. Results obtained via regression and factor analysis revealed that should there be a scenario with an improvement in sanitary-epidemiologic parameters (by 10.0 %), the overall life expectancy for the RF population would increase by 140.39 days. An improvement in sanitary-epidemiologic situation taken as per sex differentiation indicated that a greater impact was expected on life expectancy growth among male population, as it would increase by 146.9 days (by 117.6 days for female population). We established that several parameters made the greatest contribution into life expectancy growth; they were "A share of population provided with high quality drinking water" (61.65 days); "Physical factors existing at workplaces" (35.83 days), "Sanitary-hygienic characteristics of objects under surveillance" (15.16 days), and "Sanitary-epidemiologic parameters of ambient air" (14.26 days). The current work does not cover extreme sanitary-epidemiologic situations related to pandemic spread of new infectious agents causing highly contagious diseases (Coronavirus infection).

How to minimize infectious health risks for elderly people (based on focus group data)

“…The moderator also mentioned another study focusing on sanitaryepidemiological determinants of life expectancy growth in Perm region. These determinants include providing people with qualitative drinking water and raising safety of certain foods (meat, milk, fish, and bread) [46]. A correlation between the aforementioned housingrelated and other everyday problems and growing infection risks is obvious for experts.…”

How to minimize infectious health risks for elderly people (based on focus group data)

“…Участники дискуссии обратили внимание на социологический опрос российских пенсионеров, проведенный весной 2020 г., согласно которому из тех, кто проживает в частном секторе, более чем у 30 % нет постоянного доступа к горячей воде и теплому туалету, также 30 % опрошенных свидетельствовали об отсутствии лифтов, удобств ванных комнат и туалетов [30]. Модератор отметил исследование санитарно-эпидемиологических детерминант роста продолжительности жизни населения в Пермском крае, к которым отнесены обеспечение качественной питьевой водой и повышение безопасности отдельных продуктов питания (мясо, молоко, рыба, хлеб) [46]. Связь перечисленных жилищных и житейских проблем с увеличением инфекционных рисков здоровью очевидна для специалистов.…”

On certain issues related to chronic exposure to occupational noise and impacts exerted by it on workers’ bodies (literature review)

“…And we should stress that only people with the best functional parameters were employed at that production since it involved exposure to a lot of adverse occupational factors; all workers had profound medical examinations prior to being employed. Obviously, should there be improvements in all the set of social-and hygienic factors including occupational ones, it will have a positive effect on overall workers' life expectancy [5].…”

“…Hygienic science unavoidably has to examine and substantiate effects produced by adverse hygienic factors under long-term exposure regulated by relevant standards and documents. Accomplished studies revealed that in case all significant sanitary-hygienic factors were improved, physical factors held the second rank place as per their contribution made into life expectancy [5].…”