Social and Economic Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Rural Zimbabwe

Muchacha, Munyaradzi; Mtetwa, Edmos

doi:10.21106/ijma.34

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Mammary gland is a complex gland that originates during the embryonic stage and develops quickly from the pubertal stage with ductal growth and early alveolar development during menstrual cycles; mammary tissue then undergoes proliferation, differentiation and death during pregnancy, lactation and involution stages, respectively [ 2 ]. The main function of the mammary gland is to secret milk for infant nutrition [ 3 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LncRNA as ceRNAs may be involved in lactation process

Zhao

Lai

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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The main function of the mammary gland is to secret milk for newborn growth. Milk production process is regulated by hormones, growth factors, noncoding RNAs and other factors locally. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), one type of recently discovered non-coding RNA, have been found in mammary gland and some studies suggested lncRNA may play important roles in mammary gland development. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are emerging to compete for miRNA binding and, in turn, regulate each other. In the current study, we sequenced mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA in goat mammary tissue at 2 points in lactation (early and mature). All data were co-expressed together from the same samples. Our data showed that the ceRNAs up-regulated during the mature lactation phase were associated with lipid, protein, carbon and amino acid synthesis and metabolism. This correlates with the function of the mature lactation phase: i.e. the continuous production of large amounts of milk, rich in proteins, lipids, amino acids and other nutrients. Alternately, the ceRNAs up-regulated during early lactation were associated with PI3K-AKT pathways and ECM-receptor interactions; these fulfil the functional role of preparing the mammary gland for full lactation. Therefore, the results suggest that ceRNAs work synergistically during different developmental stages to regulate specific functions associated with lactation control. This study suggests that ceRNAs (lncRNA-mRNA) may be involved in lactation process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk production is an evolutionary necessity and this process is tightly regulated at a local level, i.e. within the mammary gland itself, by hormones and other factors [ 7 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNA as ceRNAs may be involved in lactation process

Zhao

Lai

et al. 2017

Oncotarget

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“…Finally, similar studies conducted in Colombia and other countries have explored multiple socioeconomic variables (e.g., work, government policies) that were not considered in this study (Abou-ElWafa & El-Gilany, 2019;Benjumea et al, 2011;Cabrera et al, 2004;Caleyachetty et al, 2013;Mateus, 2012;Muchacha & Mtetwa, 2014;Rodríguez-García & Acosta-Ramírez, 2008). Thus, future studies would need to address these limitations in order to provide a wider and holistic picture of the association between breastfeeding duration and preschoolers' eating behaviors in low-income Latino populations living in their country of origin.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond weight, eating behaviors may be also associated with breastfeeding. A considerable number of studies have revealed that breastfeeding is also associated with practices and interactions of individuals during food consumption in the early years (Borkhoff et al, 2018;Brown & Lee, 2015;Hathcock et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014;Mallan, Nambiar, et al, 2014) across different cultural contexts and geographical regions (Abou-ElWafa & El-Gilany, 2019; Caleyachetty et al, 2013;Muchacha & Mtetwa, 2014). Likewise, a study with Chilean Latino adolescents showed that shorter breastfeeding duration decreased the presence of satiety responsiveness and increased the risk of suffering overweight (Reyes et al, 2014).…”

Section: Association Among Eating Behaviors Bmi and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colombian retrospective study of the association between breastfeeding duration and eating behaviors

Macea¹,

Escalante-Barrios²,

Enciso

et al. 2020

J Child Edu Soc

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The current retrospective cross-sectional study included 175 Colombian caregivers of children ranging between 24 and 59 months old (M=47.08, SD=7.08) enrolled in childcare centers located in the Caribbean region. 58% of the children are male, and all of them belong to low-income families. Breastfeeding duration ranged between children's 0 to 37 months old (M=10.84, SD=8.48); 64 of them had exclusive breastfeeding for during their first 6 months (i.e., no fed with bottle). Results showed that the variance of Food Responsiveness explained by the model was 2% (R 2 =.02, F(3,161)=1.081, p=.359). Breastfeeding duration did not significantly predict Food Responsiveness (β=-.004, p=.219), as well as age (β=.004, p=.346) and gender (β=.056, p=.354) did not significantly explain the dependent variable. Likewise, Satiety Responsiveness variance was not explained by duration of breastfeeding (β=.002, p=.548), age (β=.003, p=.489), and gender (β=.040, p=.561). Overall, the explained variance was less than 1% (R 2 =.008, F(3,161)= .428, p=.733). Breastfeeding duration does not significantly change the child's likelihood of being unhealthy (β=-.010, p=.616), while being male and getting older increase the odds of being healthy. Future directions and limitations are discussed.

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“…[ 4 ] Childhood malnutrition is due, directly or indirectly, to mothers’ poor nutritional knowledge or lack thereof. [ 5 , 6 ] The Holy Quaran states that mothers should breastfeed their children for two full years. [ 7 ] According to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), mothers’ training is a key factor in eliminating malnutrition among children younger than fi ve years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness Comparison of Mothers’ In-person Versus Written Nutritional Education Intervention on Infant Growth in Iran

et al. 2014

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Background:In 1990, the Iranian Ministry of Health implemented a health plan to increase mothers’ knowledge of infant feeding using health workers and health volunteers. This study evaluates the effects of nutrition education on mothers’ knowledge and whether increase in mothers’ knowledge was associated with increase in growth of their children in Ardabil, Iran.Methods:A quasi-experimental study of the impact of written nutritional education and in-person nutritional education given to the participants (mothers) from urban health centers by health workers and health volunteers. Sixteen urban health centers located in Ardabil, Iran, were selected randomly for nutritional education. A group of 303 mothers with infants younger than 6 months of age from 16 health centers participated in this study. Height-for-age Z scores and weight-for age Z scores were calculated based on the National Center for Health Statistics reference values.Results:There were signifi cant differences between maternal nutritional knowledge before and after the intervention in all groups. However, the in-person method of instruction given by health workers was more effective in increasing mothers’ knowledge than those in non-health worker volunteers intervention group. There were also significant differences between the growth rates of infants’ heights and weights before and after the intervention.Conclusions and Global Health Implications:In line with the aims of the government’s plan, the education given by health volunteers from non-governmental organizations was effective. However, it was less effective than the one given by professional health workers.

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Social and Economic Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Rural Zimbabwe

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

LncRNA as ceRNAs may be involved in lactation process

LncRNA as ceRNAs may be involved in lactation process

Colombian retrospective study of the association between breastfeeding duration and eating behaviors

Effectiveness Comparison of Mothers’ In-person Versus Written Nutritional Education Intervention on Infant Growth in Iran

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