SOBOLEVSKITE, TAIMYRITE, AND Pt2CuFe (TULAMEENITE?) IN COMPLEX MASSIVE TALNAKHITE ORE, NORIL'SK OREFIELD, RUSSIA

Cook, Nigel J.; Ciobanu, Cristiana L.; Merkle, R. K. W.; Bernhardt, Heinz-Jürgen

doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.2.329

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Class I. The matrix of inclusions was formed from sobolevskite-kotulskite solid solution Pd(Bi,Sb) x Te 1−x described in [27,48]. When cooled, the solution separates into phases on the basis of sobolevskite PdTe and kotulskite PdBi (Figure 9).…”

Section: Inclusions Of Minor Phases In Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

et al. 2019

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We carried out a directed crystallization of a melt of the following composition (in mol. %): Fe 31.79, Cu 15.94, Ni 1.70, S 50.20, Sn 0.05, As 0.04, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Se, Te, Bi, and Sb by 0.03. The obtained cylindrical sample consisted of monosulfide solid solution (mss), nonstoichometric isocubanite (icb*), and three modifications of intermediate solid solution (iss 1 , iss 2 , iss 3 ) crystallized from the melt. The simultaneous formation of two types of liquids separated during cooling of the parent sulfide melt was revealed. In the first, concentrations of noble metals associated with Bi, Sb, and Te were found. The second is related to Cu and was found to contain a large amount of S in addition to Bi and Sb. We established the main types of inclusions formed during fractional crystallization of Pt-bearing sulfide melt. It was shown that noble metals are concentrated in inclusions in the form of RuS 2 , PdTe 2 , (Pt,Pd)Te 2 , PtRhAsS, and Ag 2 Se, doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd, in mss and in the form of PtAs 2 ; Au-doped with Ag, Cu, and Pd; Ag 2 Te; and Pd(Bi,Sb) x Te 1−x in icb* and iss. As solid solutions in the base metal sulfides, Rh is present in mss, Sn in iss.Minerals 2019, 9, 531 2 of 18 independent phases both with the main elements and with other trace elements. Since the Noril'sk ores are an important industrial source of the platinum group elements (PGE), intense research on the regularities of Ag-Au-PGE mineralization has been carried out [1][2][3][4][20][21][22][23][24].Most geologists assume that magmatic sulfide liquids are the source of PGE [2,4,10,25]. In [24], a hypothesis is presented about the pneumatolytic genesis of compounds of noble metals. Both hypotheses are based on the results of geochemical observations and on experimental data [1,2,4,10,[17][18][19][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Fundamental knowledge about the behavior of noble metals is contained primarily in the phase diagram of the systems related to this problem (see the review in [36][37][38][39][40][41]). Useful information is contained in experimental data on the composition and structure of samples obtained by prolonged isothermal annealing of partially crystallized samples and further quenching to room temperature [30][31][32][36][37][38][39][40][41]. For example, in [36], diagrams of the following systems were described: Pd-Fe-S, Pd-Ni-S, Pd-Cu-S, Pd-Pt-S, Fe-Pt-S, Pt-Fe-As-S, Pt-Pd-As-S, Pd-Ni-As, Pd-Sb-Te, Pt-Pd-Sb, Pd-Bi-Te, Pd-Pt-Sb, and so on. In this case, the composition of the samples is chosen by the experimenter. By contrast, in our works, we studied samples obtained by directed crystallization of melts of a given composition [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Usually, this method is applied in the case of gradual solidification of a cylindrical sample from one end to another. In this process, the melt is separated from the crystallized mass by a single interface-the crystallization front. The difference in the compositions of the melt and coexisting solid phases leads to fractionation of th...

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Section: Inclusions Of Minor Phases In Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inclusions in Figure 11A-E consist of fragments that belong to classes I and II. Less frequent are inclusions consisting of combinations of (I + PtAs 2 ) and (I + II + PtAs 2 ) ( Figure 11E [27,36,48].…”

Section: Inclusions Of Minor Phases In Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

et al. 2019

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“…The analysis presented in Table 2 (anal. 8) is the average of 24 analyses and it lies further from the PdTe–PdBi series than others that have been reported (Cook et al ., 2002) although it is not a good fit to a formula of Pd(Te,Bi). It actually fits Pd 5 (Te,Bi) 4 rather well but such a phase has not been noted in experiments so a mix of Pd(Bi,Te) and Pd 3 (Bi,Te) 2 may be a possible explanation.…”

Section: Composition Of the Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Inclusions in an isoferroplatinum nugget from the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone

et al. 2018

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Inclusions of platinum-group minerals (PGM) within alluvial isoferroplatinum nuggets from the Freetown Peninsula, Sierra Leone, are aligned with their shape determined by the structure of their host. The edges of the majority of the inclusions lie at 0°, 45° or 90° to external crystal edges of the nugget which shows that the inclusions are not randomly oriented earlier minerals incorporated within their host. The inclusions are later infills, probably formed at the surface of the nugget during growth and subsequently enclosed by the growing nugget. PGM on the present surface of the nugget represent the last stage of this partnership. A single nugget containing abundant inclusions is described here but similar features are observed in other nuggets from the same area. The inclusions contain laurite (RuS2), irarsite–hollingworthite (IrAsS–RhAsS), Pd–Te–Bi–Sb phases, Ir-alloy, Os-alloy, Pd-bearing Au, an Rh–Te phase, Pd–Au alloy and Pd–Pt–Cu alloy. PGM found on the nugget surface include laurite, irarsite and cuprorhodsite (CuRh2S4). The Pd–Te–Bi–Sb phases may include Sb-rich keithconnite (Pd20S7) and compositions close to the kotulskite–sobolevskite solid-solution series (PdTe–BiTe). Textural evidence suggests that formation of the nuggets began with the isoferroplatinum host and the voids were filled starting intergrowths of laurite and irarsite–hollingworthite with both laurite and irarsite–hollingworthite often showing compositional zonation and each of them replacing the other. Filling of the voids probably continued with Pd-Cu-bearing gold, Sb-rich keithconnite (Pd,Pt)20.06(Te,Sb,Bi)6.94, keithconnite, telluropalladinite Pd9(Te,Bi)4, RhTe and finally Ir-alloy and then Os-alloy. The nuggets are thought to be neoform growths in the organic- and bacterial-rich soils of the tropical rain forest cover of the Freetown intrusion. The mineralogical assemblage in the layered gabbros of the intrusion has been previously shown to differ from the alluvial assemblage in the rivers and these inclusions, not seen in Pt3Fe in the unaltered rocks, add a further item to the catalogue of differences.

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“…Семнадцать фрагментов использовали для приготовления аншлифов, которые исследовали методами микроскопического, химического и рентгенофазового анализов. Измерение среднего химического состава слитка и локального состава главных рудообразующих сульфидов и примесных микрофаз выполнено с использованием энерго-дисперсионной спектрометрии (SEM-EDS) на микроскопе высокого разрешения MIRA 3 LMU ("Tescan Orsay Holding"), Te As Se S I 0,41 5,86 1,75 18,75 8,32 0 25,24 11,26 14,35 13,37 0,69 0 0 II 5,21 3,27 27,48 1,75 2,77 0 0 11,56 7,51 1,92 0,39 1,87 36,27 III 2,41 1,59 3,16 0 0 27,07 1,5 0 1,6 0,45 45,37 0 16,85 IVa 4, [8][9][10].…”

Section: геохимияunclassified

Formation of drop-shaped inclusions based on Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Bi, Sb, Te, As during crystallization of the intermediate solid solution in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system

Sinyakova

Kosyakov

Goryachev

2019

Доклады Академии наук

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The phase and chemical composition of drop-shaped inclusions in directionally crystallized intermediate solid solution was studied. The initial melt contained (in mol.%): Fe 31,79; Cu 15,94; Ni 1,70; S 50,20; Sn 0,05; As 0,04; Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ag, Au, Se, Te, Bi, Sb 0,03. Experimental data indicate the simultaneous crystallization of two types of liquids upon cooling of the initial sulfide melt. One of them is formed in the subsystem (Pd, Au, Ag)-(Bi, Sb, Te), and the second - in the subsystem Cu-(S, Bi, Sb, Te). When these liquids solidified, inclusions formed, which we divided into four classes. Class I has a eutectic-like structure with a matrix of Pd(Bi,Sb)xTe1-x solid solution and Au crystallites with Ag, Cu, and Pd impurities. Class II is formed from sulfosalts with inclusions of Bi and Au. Class III includes inclusions of sperrylite Pt(As,S)2. Class IV forms compound inclusions from fragments of classes I-III. The experiment described in the work showed a more complex behavior of noble metals and metalloid impurities during the crystallization of complex sulfide-metalloid melts compared with the previously described data of isothermal experiments.

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SOBOLEVSKITE, TAIMYRITE, AND Pt2CuFe (TULAMEENITE?) IN COMPLEX MASSIVE TALNAKHITE ORE, NORIL'SK OREFIELD, RUSSIA

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

Experimental Modeling of Noble and Chalcophile Elements Fractionation during Solidification of Cu-Fe-Ni-S Melt

Inclusions in an isoferroplatinum nugget from the Freetown Layered Complex, Sierra Leone

Formation of drop-shaped inclusions based on Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Bi, Sb, Te, As during crystallization of the intermediate solid solution in the Cu-Fe-Ni-S system

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