SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of bioadditives

Mechanistic insights into solvent induced alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butyl alcohol using Brönsted acidic ionic liquids

“…3. The stabilization energy values and acidic O H bond distance of the [35,36]. FTIR characterization data also supports the theoretically obtained acidity order of the ILs, i.e.…”

“…Pyridine has two characteristic peaks in the region of 1400-1600 cm −1 . The first one at 1437 cm −1 is a characteristic peak to confirm the Lewis acidity and another at 1581 cm −1 to confirm the Bronsted acidity [34,35]. In presence of a Lewis acid the peak at 1437 cm −1 gets shifted to 1450 cm −1 .…”

“…Thus, IL-HSO 4 with highest acidity shows highest selectivity towards 2-TBC and IL-CH 3 SO 3 with lowest acidity shows highest selectivity to TBCE. IL-CF 3 SO 3 possesses inherent hydrophobicity which leads to a biphasic reaction system [35]. Thus, as soon as the product is formed it get transferred into the other layer which contributes to the higher conversion (86.2%) of p-cresol.…”

Kinetics of the production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl and ethylene carbonate using potassium methoxide, a highly active catalyst

“…In this sense, many processes have been studied leading to oxygenated products of interest for their application in fuel formulations, such as solketal from the reaction of glycerol and acetone [6][7][8] or different ethers from the reaction with tert-butyl alcohol [9] or isobutylene [10].…”

Synthesis of novel Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts and their catalytic activities in acetalization

“…Cole was the first reported to synthesized the Brønsted acidic ionic liquids in 2002 [17]. Since then, there has been a growing inrerest in the study of the catalytic activity of Brønsted acidic ionic liquids [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In recent years, Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquids as environmentally-friendly catalysts, have received much attention from researchers.…”