SO2–ethanol–water (SEW) and kraft pulping of giant milkweed (Calotropis procera) for cellulose acetate film production

Yadollahi, Rahim; Firouzabadi, Mohammadreza Dehghani; Borrega, Marc; Mahdavi, Hossein; Saraeyan, Ahmadreza; Sixta, Herbert

doi:10.1007/s10570-018-1802-7

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this research, two bleached pulps obtained from our previous research (Yadollahi et al 2018) were used to study the effects of acetylation conditions with iodine and different types of pulps on CA properties. The properties of these pulps are indicated in Table 1. In the acetylation stage the accessibility of hydroxyl groups affects the degree of substitution (DS).…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How properties of cellulose acetate films are affected by conditions of iodine-catalyzed acetylation and type of pulp

et al. 2019

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The present study has been carried out to consider the effect of acetylation conditions and type of bleached pulps [Kraft and SO 2-ethanol-water (SEW) pulps] on the properties of obtained cellulose acetates (CA) and their films. The acetylation reaction in the absence of solvent was performed by using acetic anhydride and iodine as a catalyst. The efficiency of acetylation and the degree of substitution, crystallinity, transparency, tensile strength, young modulus, differential scanning calorimetry, water vapor permeability (WVP), scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy images were studied. The results showed that the while the Young's modulus and transparency increased by up to 8% of the catalyst due to the increase in iodine charge; higher iodine levels led to embrittlement of the film. The increase in the ratio of acetic anhydride to pulp (A:P) from 10:1 to 20:1 with 4% catalyst led to a reduction of the DS by 8-10%, the crystallinity by 25%, the Young's modulus by 13-25%, and transparency by 1-34% of a CA obtained from SEW and Kraft pulp, respectively. With the use of higher amounts of the catalyst (8%) and a ratio of A:P equal to 20:1, all properties of CA were suitable for film preparation. WVP of films from Kraft pulp and SEW pulp showed a decrease of about 8.5% and 18% respectively when increasing the iodine amount from 4 to 8% in acetylation. The tensile strength of CA films was initially increased by enhancing the amount of iodine, but then reduced in a similar way to other properties. The condition of acetylation can be adjusted to produce a high-quality CA film according to the characteristics of the pulp used as raw material.

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Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How properties of cellulose acetate films are affected by conditions of iodine-catalyzed acetylation and type of pulp

et al. 2019

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“…Yadollahi et al showed that SEW pulping was more efficient in the selective removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from Giant milkweed as compared to kraft pulping. 97 The SEW fractionation removes 90-95% lignin from bagasse of which only 30-45% is isolated as precipitated lignin after solvent evaporation. 98 Organosolv pulping of wheat straw using aqueous ethanol and alkali processes was studied by El-Sakhawy et al 99 The pulp yield was 56% and chlorine number 15 with 1:1 aqueous ethanol (v/v) and 7:1 liquor ratio at 175 °C for 2 h. In this process, more than half of the residual lignin of the pulp could be diminished by a proper washing procedure.…”

Section: So 2 -Ethanol-water (Sew) and Alcohol Pulpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…101,102 Cooking at high temperature (200 °C), an intermediate-tolong cooking time (95-100 min), and a low-to-intermediate acetone concentration (55-60%) resulted in pulp with a high holocellulose and α-cellulose content and low lignin and ethanol-benzene extractable content. 97 The process requires very high temperatures, which makes the system complicated.…”

Section: So 2 -Ethanol-water (Sew) and Alcohol Pulpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative initiatives for non‐wood chemical pulping and integration with the biorefinery concept: A review

Jahan

Rahman

2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Conventional pulping processes, such as soda, soda‐Antraquinone (AQ), and kraft, are currently used for non‐wood pulping. The main challenges of non‐wood pulping in conventional pulping processes are (1) large amounts of silica cause silica‐related operational difficulties in the process; (2) large amounts of fines/parenchyma cells decrease the drainage; and (3) the bulky nature of raw materials increases the collection/transportation cost, hampering large‐scale commercial operations. Alternative pulping processes are therefore being developed. This paper reviews the current status of alternative non‐wood pulping processes and their integration with the biorefinery concept. Several promising methods have been investigated at the laboratory or pilot scale. Organic acid and potassium hydroxide pulping processes are attractive alternatives for non‐wood pulping. Dissolved lignin and hemicelluloses in spent liquor can lead to the production of valuable co‐products, fitting well with the integrated biorefinery concept. Non‐wood biomass can be important raw material for pulping in forest‐deficient countries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…The main production processes of dissolving pulp are pre-hydrolysis Kraft (PHK) and Acid Sulphite (AS) (Sixta et al 2013). In fact, AS dissolving pulp represents the 42 % of the worldwide production (Brice 2012), although there are others such as SO2-ethanolwater process (Iakolev et al 2011;Yahamoto et al 2014;Yadollahi et al 2018), prehydrolysis soda-anthraquinone (Sixta and Schild, 2009) or by even purification of paper grade pulp (Duan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and environmental improvement of the bleaching sequence of dissolving pulp for fibre production

et al. 2020

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Reactivity of dissolving pulp is one of the main parameters to determine its availability to be transformed into viscose. It is related to the use of carbon disulphide (CS2). An industrial sequential totally chlorine free bleaching process is used as case study. It is carried out in two stages: 1) Alkaline extraction (EOP) and 2) peroxide bleaching (PO). In order to assess how to decrease the use of carbon disulphide, several experiments were performed at laboratory scale for the two stages mentioned before by modifying the operating conditions: NaOH and H2O2 dosages, time and temperature. Reactivity using a modified Fock's method and pentosan content was analysed along with quality pulp parameters: α-cellulose, viscosity and lignin content (kappa number). Results showed that reactivity increases through the bleaching process and varies with the chemical dosage in both stages. Pulp obtained at the best conditions had the following characteristics: reactivity, 95.3 %; α-cellulose 91.17 %; intrinsic viscosity, 448 mL/g; kappa number, 1.81 and pentosan content 2.86 %, and as a result, CS2 usage was reduced by 11.88 %. At the best conditions obtained in this work, NaOH dosage in PO stage was reduced to zero and temperature was slightly lower, when compared with industrial operating conditions.

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SO2–ethanol–water (SEW) and kraft pulping of giant milkweed (Calotropis procera) for cellulose acetate film production

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

How properties of cellulose acetate films are affected by conditions of iodine-catalyzed acetylation and type of pulp

How properties of cellulose acetate films are affected by conditions of iodine-catalyzed acetylation and type of pulp

Alternative initiatives for non‐wood chemical pulping and integration with the biorefinery concept: A review

Technical and environmental improvement of the bleaching sequence of dissolving pulp for fibre production

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