SO₃H‐Functionalized Carbon Materials: A Versatile and sustainable heterogeneous Catalyst for Diverse Organic Transformations

Abstract

Due to their fascinating biological features, heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives have long been recognized as promising molecules with potential pharmaceutical applications. The significance of heterocyclic compounds in drug discovery and development is evident from the fact that a majority of drugs in the pharmaceutical market incorporate heterocyclic compounds as active substances or ingredients. Various synthetic methods and advancements have been devised to prepare these heterocyclic compounds using diverse catalysts under mild reaction conditions. SO3H functionalized carbon material (C‐SO3H) is heterogeneous green solid catalyst that has been employed to catalyze diverse organic reactions including construction of three‐, four‐, five‐, six‐member and fused heterocycles as well as other open chain organic transformations. The C‐SO3H catalyst works under relatively mild reaction conditions and recovered from the reaction mixtures for reuse. Various cheap carbon sources covering natural organic carbon matter and industrial waste already being used to synthesize SO3H‐functionalized acidic carbon catalyst for replacement of various homogeneous acid catalysts. The present review aims to highlight the organic reactions especially those connecting for heterocyclic synthesis catalyzed by sulfonated carbons (C‐SO3H) from 2010 to till date.

Biomass derived sulfonated carbon catalysts: efficient catalysts for green chemistry

“…12,17 While Konwar et al provided a summary of the structure, active sites, surface properties, applications in catalysis, and research progress of various functionalized carbon materials containing SO 3 H groups, their discussion on BDSCCs was not extensive. 7 Other literature sources that briefly mentioned BDSCCs primarily concentrated on specific application domains like biodiesel production, 19–21 and organic chemical reactions, 22 among others. 15 Unfortunately, these references lacked a comprehensive overview and outlook on BDSCCs and frequently disregarded the diversity of raw materials crucial for the advancement and design of BDSCCs.…”