SO-LAAO, a Novel<scp>l</scp>-Amino Acid Oxidase That EnablesStreptococcus oligofermentansTo OutcompeteStreptococcus mutansby Generating H2O2from Peptone

Tong, Huichun; Chen, Wei; Shi, Wenyuan; Qi, Fengxia; Dong, Xiuzhu

doi:10.1128/jb.00363-08

Cited by 85 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…For example, P. aeruginosa is reported to kill Candida in multi-species biofilms by using virulence factors which are well characterized in human infections [53][54]. Tong et al reported that Streptococcus oligofermentans uses L-amino acid oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) from peptone and suppress the growth of S. mutans in a peptone-rich multi-species biofilms [55]. Rao et al reported that marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicate produces antibacterial protein (AlpP) and inhibits the growth of other marine bacteria isolated from the same environment [56].…”

Section: Interactions In Multi-species Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms

et al. 2011

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Direct observation of a wide range of natural microorganisms has revealed the fact that the majority of microbes persist as surface-attached communities surrounded by matrix materials, called biofilms. Biofilms can be formed by a single bacterial strain. However, most natural biofilms are actually formed by multiple bacterial species. Conventional methods for bacterial cleaning, such as applications of antibiotics and/or disinfectants are often ineffective for biofilm populations due to their special physiology and physical matrix barrier. It has been estimated that billions of dollars are spent every year worldwide to deal with damage to equipment, contaminations of products, energy losses, and infections in human beings resulted from microbial biofilms. Microorganisms compete, cooperate, and communicate with each other in multi-species biofilms. Understanding the mechanisms of multi-species biofilm formation will facilitate the development of methods for combating bacterial biofilms in clinical, environmental, industrial, and agricultural areas. The most recent advances in the understanding of multi-species biofilms are summarized and discussed in the review.

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Section: Interactions In Multi-species Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of multi‐species biofilms

et al. 2011

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“…Instead, HPr-Ser-P and three phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar-phosphotransferase system (PTS) EII complexes, EIIAB Man , FruI, and EII Lev , assume primary control over the transport and catabolism of nonpreferred carbohydrates (1,46,47,49). The "mitis group" streptococci are major competitors of S. mutans; however, how their CCR is regulated is not well understood.Our previous studies have shown that Streptococcus oligofermentans, an oral commensal of the mitis group, can outcompete S. mutans by producing abundant H 2 O 2 when protein or glucose is present (37,38). Further, S. oligofermentans, although it utilizes fewer saccharides than S. mutans, metabolizes galactose more efficiently and yields greater cell mass on galactose than on glucose.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies have shown that Streptococcus oligofermentans, an oral commensal of the mitis group, can outcompete S. mutans by producing abundant H 2 O 2 when protein or glucose is present (37,38). Further, S. oligofermentans, although it utilizes fewer saccharides than S. mutans, metabolizes galactose more efficiently and yields greater cell mass on galactose than on glucose.…”

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confidence: 99%

CcpA-Dependent Carbohydrate Catabolite Repression Regulates Galactose Metabolism in Streptococcus oligofermentans

Cai

Tong

et al. 2012

J Bacteriol

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bStreptococcus oligofermentans is an oral commensal that inhibits the growth of the caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans by producing copious amounts of H 2 O 2 and that grows faster than S. mutans on galactose. In this study, we identified a novel eightgene galactose (gal) operon in S. oligofermentans that was comprised of lacABCD, lacX, and three genes encoding a galactosespecific transporter. Disruption of lacA caused more growth reduction on galactose than mutation of galK, a gene in the Leloir pathway, indicating that the principal role of this operon is in galactose metabolism. Diauxic growth was observed in cultures containing glucose and galactose, and a luciferase reporter fusion to the putative gal promoter demonstrated 12-fold repression of the operon expression by glucose but was induced by galactose, suggesting a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) control in galactose utilization. Interestingly, none of the single-gene mutations in the well-known CCR regulators ccpA and manL affected diauxic growth, although the operon expression was upregulated in these mutants in glucose. A double mutation of ccpA and manL eliminated glucose repression of galactose utilization, suggesting that these genes have parallel functions in regulating gal operon expression and mediating CCR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated binding of CcpA to the putative catabolite response element motif in the promoter regions of the gal operon and manL, suggesting that CcpA regulates CCR through direct regulation of the transcription of the gal operon and manL. This provides the first example of oral streptococci using two parallel CcpA-dependent CCR pathways in controlling carbohydrate metabolism.T he human oral cavity harbors between 700 and 19,000 operative taxonomic units (16,19,45), among which streptococci are the most abundant microorganisms, contributing about 80% of the total microbial population in the dental biofilm (5, 31). Complex interspecies competitions occur among the oral streptococci due to limited space and shared nutritional requirements (30,37,38,50). The outcome of these interspecies competitions may determine the health status of the oral cavity.Carbohydrates are common carbon and energy sources for all streptococci, and as such, differences in uptake and metabolic efficiency among the species affect each species' competitiveness in the oral biofilm. The carbohydrate metabolism of bacteria is usually under the control of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) (13,34,35,42), in which rapidly metabolizable carbohydrates, usually glucose, repress the utilization of nonpreferred carbohydrates. It is generally believed that catabolite control protein A (CcpA) (8, 15) and the histidine phosphocarrier protein HPr (9) function in the regulation of CCR in most low-GϩC Gram-positive bacteria. HPr phosphorylation (HPr-Ser-P) is triggered by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (9), a glycolysis intermediate. In the presence of a preferred carbohydrate, i.e., glucose, HPr-Ser-P serves as a cofactor to assist CcpA binding ...

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“…It can produce H 2 O 2 as a means of excreting excessive oxygen and serves as a non-specific antimicrobial agent, which can inhibit S. mutans and other anaerobic periodontal pathogens growth. 73 However, it is obtrusive to say S. sanguinis is 100% benign due to its association with bacterial endocarditis. coaggregation between F. nucleatum and many Gram-positive bacterial species has been observed, those coaggregations are rarely inhibited by sugars.…”

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confidence: 99%